الفهرس 
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Abstract
Sheep can be affected with a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including
bacterial, protozoal, and viral infections; toxins; metabolic disturbances; trauma and neoplasia.
Encephalitic listeriosis was more frequent in female (67.86%). Listeriosis and pregnancy toxemia
appeared to affect mostly the age group above 12 months old (60.71%, 78.57%) respectively.
Encephalitic listeriosis diseased sheep are depressed, moving in a circle towards the affected side,
drooping ears, flaccid lips, and paralyzed check. Sheep with pregnancy toxemia show isolation from the
flock, poor body condition, decreased flight response to approach, and decreased eye preservation and
auditory reflexes. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes were occurred from brain tissue after cold
enrichment and CSF from living animals samples on blood and PALCM media and followed by
microscopical and biochemical identification. Serum and CSF biochemical parameters in listeriosis and
pregnancy toxemia show a higher significant increase in AST, CK activity, βHBA, creatinine, urea
levels than control group but a higher significant decrease in glucose level than control group. In non
responsive group there is a higher increase in level of AST, CK activity, βHBA, creatinine, urea than
responsive group and a higher decrease in glucose value than responsive group. Serum and CSF oxidant
and antioxidant biomarkers show a significant increase in H2O2 level in Listeriosis and pregnancy
toxemia groups than control group with a significant increase in non responsive than responsive group.
Also a significant decrease in Vit-C level in the both groups with a higher decrease in non responsive
than responsive group. GPx and TAC values in Listeriosis show a higher significant elevation than
control group with a higher significant increase in responsive than non responsive groups. Meanwhile,
GPx and TAC value in pregnancy toxemia cases show a significant decrease than control group with a
higher significant decrease in non responsive than responsive group. Trace elements in serum and CSF in
listeriosis and pregnancy toxemia show a higher significant increase in copper and iron levels than
control group with a higher elevation in non responsive than responsive group. Zinc results reveal a
higher significant decrease in zinc level than control group with a higher significant increase in non
responsive than responsive and control group. Serum and CSF immunological parameters in listeriosis
and pregnancy toxemia show a higher significant increase in TNF-α, IL-12β, IL-6 than control group
with a higher increase in non responsive than responsive group. IL-10 result show a higher significant
increase than control group with a significant decrease in non responsive than responsive group. On the
other hand, IL-10 show a higher significant decrease in pregnancy toxemia than control pregnant sheep
with a higher significant decrease in non responsive than responsive group.