الفهرس 
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Abstract
Clinical laboratory errors lead to adverse effects on patient diagnosis, therapy and outcomes, also resulting in the inappropriate use of funds. Standardization of quality laboratory assurance plays an important role in patient care, because it controls pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical procedures, thus improving the harmonization of procedures and comparability between different laboratories.
The introduction of the International Standardization Organization (ISO) standards 9001 (Quality management systems – requirements) and ISO 15189 (Medical laboratories – particular requirements for quality and competence) places quality at the heart of all activities. A laboratory’s participation in proficiency testing activities is a requirement of the accreditation ISO 15189 according to international standards.
Proficiency testing (PT) is a type of inter-laboratory comparison exercise in which samples are circulated to the participating laboratories; results are then collected .