الفهرس 
Traumatic brain injuryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major medical and socio-economic problem, and is the leading cause of death in children and young adults. The main objectives are prevention and treatment of intracranial hypertension and secondary brain insults, preservation of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and optimization of cerebral oxygenation. Severe TBI patients are usually in hypermetabolic, hypercatabolic and hyperglycemic state, with altered G.I. functions. There is evidence suggesting that malnutrition increases mortality rate in TBI patients. Nosocomial infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common risk among critically ill ventilated patients. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial airway infection of the lung parenchyma that develops more than 48–72 hours after a patient is intubated and mechanical ventilation is initiated. VAP is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients, with its associated mortality rate exceeding that of other nosocomial infections. Prevention of VAP is thus of utmost importance in critical care. Steps to reduce the incidence of VAP have been identified based on clinical best practice guidelines worldwide.These guidelines promulgate the ventilator care bundle (VCB) as an evidence-based guideline for the prevention of VAP.