الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The liver is the largest gland in the body, weighs approximately 1500g and receives about 1500 ml of blood per minute. It is wedge-shaped organ and occupies most of right hypochondrium and epigastrium. Liver parenchyma consists of different cell types ; hepatocytes about 80%,biliary epithelial cells about 1%,sinusoidal endothelial cells 10%,kupffer cells 4% and lymphocyte 5%. Hepatocyte is one of the most metabolically active cell types of the body. This already suggests that it contains a large amount of organelles. The most abundant are the endocytoplasmatic reticulum (ER), the mitochondria, lysosomes, and the peroxisomes. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. Currently, there is no way to compensate for the absence of liver function in sustaining life. Ketoconazole was the first orally bioavailable imidazole. It is a first significant broad spectrum antifungal azole. Ketoconazole has also demonstrated anti tumor activity in prostate cancer. Ketoconazole hepatotoxicity varying in degree from mild disturbance of liver function tests to hepatitis and some case of fulminating hepatic necrosis has been reported. Severe hepatic injuries are reported to be associated with the use of Ketoconazole, even in patients routinely monitored for their liver functions. Several questions concerning ketoconazole-induced hepatic injury remain unanswered.This work was carried out to study the structural, ultrastructural and biochemical changes in albino rats liver treated by different doses of Ketoconazole for different durations and the possible recovery after stopping treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty adult male albino rats weighing ”130-150 gm” were used in this study. The rats were divided into five equal groups (10 rats each) as follow:- Group I (control): composed of 10 adult rats. Four rats were kept without any treatment and others six rats were given physiological saline orally. Rats were sacrificed as experimental group. Group II (low dose KET): composed of 10 adult rats treated with KET in a dose of 40mg/kg body weight orally daily for 1 week. Group III (high dose KET): composed of 10 adult rats treated with KET in a dose of 100mg /kg body weight orally daily for 2weeks. Group IV (arrested low dose): composed of 10 adult rats treated with KET in a dose of 40mg/kg body weight orally daily for 1 week then stopped treatment for another week. Group V (arrested high dose): composed of 10 adult rats treated with KET in a dose of 100mg/kg body weight orally daily for 2weeks then stopped treatment for another 2 weeks. Methods: At the end of each determined period, animals were weighted, sacrificed, blood samples were collected and liver tissues of all animals were excised. The tissues were prepared for light microscopic study by (Hx. &E.), Masson’s trichrome (M.T), and Periodic Acid Schiff’s reaction (PAS) and electronic microscope for ultrastructural examination. Data were collected for statistical analysis.