الفهرس 
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Abstract
Grain molds are the most important and widespread disease of forage and grain
sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). It is a major
constraint to sorghum productivity. Grain mold development is particularly severe in the
short duration hybrid cultivars and varieties that are grown under warm and humid
conditions. Seed rots caused by a number of unspecialized fungal pathogens that
severely affect grain mass, seed viability, grain quality, and market price. Sorghum
cultivars with white grain pericarp and dense, compact heads (panicles) are particularly
more vulnerable to grain mold than those with brown and red grain pericarp and with
losses, open heads (Vincelli and Hershman,2007). Grain mold can be broadly defined
as preharvest grain deterioration caused by several fungal species interacting
parasitically and/or saprophytically with developing grain. Damage due to grain mold
has been associated with losses in seed mass, density, germination, storage quality, food
and feed processing quality and market value. Moreover, some of the mold fungi are
producers of potent mycotoxin that are harmful to human and animal health and
productivity. Production losses due to sorghum grain mold range from 30% to 100%
depending on cultivar, time of flowering and prevailing weather conditions during
flowering (Singh and Bandyopadhyay, 2000).