الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Nm.vadays synthetic antimicrobial agents pla)’ a large part in the control of various infectious
diseases. The use of these agents 1s an important landmark indicative of the rapid development
of synthetic techniques. The main target of using chemically synthesized agents is to modifY
different functions and interfere
\vith the biological functions of microorganisms.
Synthetic compounds represent the largest group of therapeutic agents, they are
compounds neither occuring naturally , nor derived from natural products. Many drug
resembling agents are manufactured synthetically rather than by extraction from tissues (Briggs,
1974).
Some microbes are gradually developing resistance against antimicrobial drugs in
common use implies continuous search for new effective compounds v...hich are able
to circumvent the acquired resistance of organisms Several research centers around
the world are nmv involved in such efforts which resulted in the production of several new
members of synthetic compounds such as quinolones (Lemlnicer and l’ttitscher, 1990), nitrofurans,
semi-synthetic penicillins, and novel 8-lactam antibiotic (Betina, 1983).