الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Voice therapy is a behavioral intervention that can reduce or resolve various functional and organic voice disorders. Several voice therapy approaches have been developed in an attempt to improve the voice of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Pushing, hard glottal attack, half-swallow boom, abdominal breathing, head and neck relaxation, lip and tongue trills, resonant voice, and the accent method are among the most widely used voice therapy approaches. Voice therapy is the treatment of choice in patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility; independent of the origin of immobility. It represents the main therapeutic option in the first 6 months after the appearance of paralysis.
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TES), where electrical stimulation is applied through electrodes placed on the neck, is used to increase muscle size, and improve range of motion, circulation, and muscle endurance by increasing aerobic capacity of the muscle. Traditionally, application of transcutaneous electrical stimulation has focused on rehabilitation of limb and trunk muscles. In contrast, the use of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) to treat swallowing and voice disorders is relatively new. The effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) on oral motor function have expanded to include disorders other than dysphagia, including voice and motor speech disorders.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) offers a noninvasive and cost-effective method to treat selected voice disorders; however, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding its effectiveness.