الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the Work
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Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinumII (Cisplatin) is one of the most effective cancer therapeutic agents and it has become the drug of choice in the treatment of several solid tumors. However, nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect represented to be injury to kidney cells. On the other hand, using natural products such as grape seed proanthocynidin extract (GSPE) or fish oil (FO) may diminish cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.
So the present study was conducted to explore the potential nephroprotective effects of GSPE or FO in alleviating the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in male rats.
The obtained results can be summarized as follow:
A- Cisplatin administration changes:
1- Biochemical changes:
• A significant increase in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid.
• A significant decrease in urine creatinine, creatinine clearance, urea and uric acid.
2- The single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay):
• CP administration induced DNA damage in kidney by observing the increase in the tail length of DNA.
3- Flow cytometric analysis:
• A significant decrease in G0/1 % in kidney cells.
• A significant increase in S- phase % and G2/M % in kidney cells.
• Therefore, the present study suggested using GSPE or FO as natural products to cisplatin treated cancer patients to minimize its nephrotoxicity. As GSPE or FO provided protection in terms of plasma and organ biochemical changes, antioxidant enzymes activity, oxidative stress and genomic DNA integrity against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity.