الفهرس 
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Abstract
118 samples were collected and examined for the causative agents of paratyphoid in pigeons. 4 samples were identified as Salmonella species with total percentage was 3.4%. By using slide agglutination test 4 salmonella isolates from pigeons were serotyped using O and H poly and monovalent antisera, three isolates were serotyped as Salmonella Typhimurium and one isolate was untyped. By using agar gel diffusion method the antimicrobial sensitivity test for the Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from pigeons were sensitive to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin and streptomycin, while they were resistant to Erythromycin. PCR technique were used to detect different virulent genes as invasion ( invA) and flagellin (fliC) genes and the 3 isolates gave positive to all previous genes. Two fliC sequences were submitted to GenBank database and obtained accession numbers; HSE-1-2013 {KJ700871} and HSE-2-2013 {KJ671550} and showed 99.8 % identity with each other. Strain HSE-1-2013 consists of 158 amino acid showed 100% identity with the second strain HSE 2-2013, while strain HSE-2-2013 consists of 159 amino acid showed 100% identity with Egyptian strains (Azhar1,2,3,and 4) and 99.5% identity other fifteen strains on the GenBank (there is protein changed at position159,The standard amino acid V Valine mutated to the amino acid E Glutamic acid) .The restriction enzyme BbvI was found to cut five times at the positions 134,361,418,441, 457.