الفهرس 
CHRONIC RENAL FAILUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The susceptibility of uremic patients to infectious diseases has
been widely reported, but the host immune factors associated with the
increased incidence of infection have not been clearly defined
(Goldblum and Reed, 1980).
Uremia is claimed to cause impaired immune responsiveness
(Wilson et al., 1965 and Goldblum and Reed, 1980). The
mechanism of this impairment is not fully understood. Unknown uremic
toxin (Touraine et al., 197 5 and Raska et al., 1980) and reduction
in cellular reactivity have been impHcated (Huber et al., 1969 and
Alvey et al., 19 8l).
There have been only a few detailed ;nvestigations concerned with
the antibody response in uremic patients, and available data are
controversial: some authors reported normal responses (Friedman et
aL, 1980). While others found reduced antibody responses (Macy et
al., 1991).
Some investigators found a diminished responses to tetanus toxoid
in chronic uremic patients. On the other hand, others found a normal secondary response to diphtheria toxoid m patients with uremia
(Goldblum and Reed, 1980).
The influence of dialysis membrane on immunoglobulin
production was studied in vitro and it was concluded that the long tenn
exposure of mononuclear cells to artificial surfaces during dialysis may
contribute to the impaired humoral response observed in dialysis
patients. This effect may be due to a decline in B-cell stimulation by
monocytes (Paczek et aL, 1990).