الفهرس 
History of mechanical devices and stapling instrumentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Staplers are modem devices designed to facilitate and
improve the outcome of bowel anastmosis as a better alternative
to ordinary manual suturing. They are first used by Hultle and
Fisher in 1908 when they deigned it to work in two stages the
first one allowing for gentle compression and immobilization of
tissue:; and the second involving placement of staples (Ravitch
and Steichen, 1984 ).
Although authors of old soviet Union added some
important modifications to the instrument by using lighter and
better designed staplers with creation of cartridge concept
(manual loading)in aduition to simultaneous staples placement
fur the linear staplers. these staplers were still heavy. difficult in
application and time anu effort consuming, these Jefects limiteu
their usage and delayed their spread (Friedrichs, 1934).
The first generation of American made staplers appeared 111 late 1960s as a modification for Russian precursors by using
finer materials, precision craftsmanship and mass prouuction. In
fact they created many important advances among them was
placement of all the moving parts into the cartridge which
t ransfonneu the instrument into a simple shell available !”or
multiple uses Jcpenuing on the cartridge .Americans al:;o
dcvclopcu the concept of disposable preloaded sterilized
cartridges and reartirmcu the usage of fine staples anu double
staggercu rows ,they created a new instruments as skin and
facial staplers (Knight and Griffen, 1980). Finally mechanical stapling instruments do not absolve the
surgeon from respection of the golden rules of operative
techniques as clean sharp dissection, careful hemostasis, respect
for tissue vability and blood supply, use of healthy disease free
tissues in sutures and anastmosis placed without tension
(Steichen and Ravitch, 1984).
AIM OF THE WORK
Is to demonstrate indications, benefits and hazards of
usmg modern stapling techniques in surgery during the period
of the study.