الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Worldwide, BC accounts for nearly a quarter of all cancers in women. In 2008, there were 1.4 million women diagnosed with the disease. In the United States, in 2013, it was estimated that more than 296,000 women and 2,240 men were diagnosed with BC. The chance of a woman being diagnosed with BC during her lifetime had increased from about 1 in 11 in 1975 to 1 in 8 recently. BC is the most common cancer among women in Egypt.
BC cells (BCCs) have BCSCs which are responsible for failure of BC treatment; they are associated with over expression of BCRP, transporting chemerthapeutic agents out of cells.
BCRP is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G family. BCRP was found in the mammary gland of mice, cows and humans during late pregnancy and lactation.
Drug resistance remains a major obstruction to successful treatment in BC patients with an emerging turn of miRNA in BC drug resistance.
MiRNAs play important roles in many normal biological processes; they could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and prediction of prognosis. MiRNAs could target genes related to drug sensitivity and altering anti-cancer drugs.
1, 1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (biguanide) originates from the French lilac or goat’s rue (Galega officinalis), a plant used in folk medicine for several centuries. Several studies are evaluating the role of 1, 1-dimethyl biguanide hydrochloride (MF) in BC treatment. MF is a novel inducer of apoptosis and its analogs may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer cells.
This study purposed to investigate the role of MF as a target of miRNAs in BCRP inhibition in an attempt to develop treatment strategies that may improve the response of BC patients to CT.
In order to fulfill this target female subjects were categorized into three groups: control group (group 1) (n=5), CT group of BC patients (group 2) (n=25) and CT plus MF group of BC patients (group 3) (n=25). All Patients were subjected to full history taking, laboratory studies including complete blood count, kidney, liver function tests and tumor markers (CEA and CA15.3), radiological examination including mammogram, chest X-ray, pelvic-abdominal ultrasound and isotopic bone scan, In addition to ER and PR states. CT group was treated with neoadjuvant CT in the form of 5-FU (500mg/m2), adriamycin (50mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (500mg/m2). CT + MF group was treated with the CT and MF dose (1500mg/day). Blood samples from all subjects at every cycle of treatment were taken, to test the morphology by Leishman’s stain and FC analysis of BCRP and MiRNA Furthermore, table 16 displayed that MF at the third dose of treatment regained the normal value for miRNA (mean ± SD: 49.92 and median: 49.47), A statistical significant conclusion was recorded for the third group (CT + MF) exhibiting that MF had its role in reducing miRNA. This decrease in miRNA in turn represented the refinements in this group as a result of MF targeting miRNA. In conclusion, it is recommended to use the therapeutic doses of MF parallel with CT for prolonged periods.