الفهرس 
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Abstract
Eighty- two baladi sheep, 1- 4 years old were selected to the present study. They were divided into three groups; the 1st group was 21 animals feeding on supplemented ration used as control group, the 2nd group was 37 deficient ones belonged to sandy soil, while the 3rd group was 24 deficient ones belonged to muddy soil, both 2nd & 3rd group depend on grazing on the pasture. Fecal samples were collected from each animal for macroscopical examination and detection of any parasites.
Blood serum samples were collected from each animal for determination of copper, ceruloplasmin, iron, ferritin, zinc, total proteins, albumin, and total globulins values in the blood serum.
Soil samples were collected from the areas in which the animal has been grazed for determination of copper, iron, calcium, zinc, molybdenum and magnesium values in the soil.
Clinical findings:
Healthy sheep showed normal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates in addition to normal rosy color of conjunctival, nasal and oral mucous membranes, normal body conditions and no eggs of parasites could be detected.
Diseased sheep showed moderate to severe emaciation, depraved appetite (100 %) and persistent watery diarrhea, yellowish green in color (50 %) which did not respond to treatment. Patches of alopecia were showed at different parts of the body; at the base of the neck, fatty tail and abdomen (80 %). The wool is easily detached (100 %), steely (70 %) rough, staring (90 %) and depigmented in some areas of the body (100%).
Fecal examination:
Presence of nematodes (13.1%) and cestodes (4.9 %) eggs in examined diseased animals belonged to sandy soils and presence of nematodes eggs (9.8 %) in those belonged to muddy soils.
Soil analysis:
Soil analysis (table. 4) revealed decrease in copper values in all soil samples1, 2, 3, 4: 2.14, 0.78, 0.84, 0.98 ppm respectively. The highest values of iron in the soils 1and 2 were 57.00 and 31.18 ppm respectively and also high values of molybdenum in all soil samples 1, 2, 3, 4:12.83, 11.03, 7.26 , 45.87 ppm respectively. In contrast there was decrease in the values of zinc in all soil samples 1, 2, 3, 4: 1.98, 0.72, 0.36, 0.99ppm respectively.
Serum biochemical analysis:
Significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the value of serum copper in diseased sheep from both sandy (78.0 ± 4.6 ug/dl) and muddy (79.0 ± 6.4 ug/dl) soils compared to that of control group (130.0 ± 6.1 ug/dl) (tab. 5).
Significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the value of serum ceruloplasmin in diseased sheep from both sandy (0.88 ± 0.03 mg/dl) and muddy (1.0 ± 0.03 mg/dl) soils compared to that of control group (4.7 ± 0.08 mg/dl) (tab. 5).
Significant decreased values (P < 0.05) of serum iron in diseased sheep from both sandy(118.0 ± 13.9 ug/dl) and muddy (124.0 ± 13.4 ug/dl) soils compared to that of control (194.9 ±13.3 ug/dl) group (tab. 6).
Significant decreased values (P < 0.05) of serum ferritin in diseased sheep from both sandy (1.1 ± 0.004 ng/ml) and muddy (1.2 ± 0.01 ng/ml) soils compared to that of control group (1.7 ± 0.05 ng/ml) (tab. 6).
Significant decreased values (P < 0.05) of serum zinc in diseased sheep from both sandy (75.0 ± 5.9 ug/dl) and muddy (81.0 ± 5.8 ug/dl) soils compared to that of control group (110.0 ± 5.9 ug/dl) (tab. 7).
Significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the values of serum total proteins in diseased sheep from both sandy (5.58 ± 0.1g/dl) and muddy (5.85 ± 1.3 g/dl) soils compared to control group (6.53 ± 1.5 g/dl) (tab. 7).
Significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the values of serum albumin in diseased sheep from both sandy (2.53 ± 0.35 g/dl) and muddy (2.72 ± 0.34 g/dl) soils compared to the values of control group (3.39 ± 0.5 g/dl) (tab. 7).
No significant decrease in the values of the serum total globulins in diseased sheep from both sandy (3.0 ± 0.13 g/dl) and muddy (3.2 ± 0.27 g/dl) soils compared to the values of control group (3.1 ± 0.23 g/dl) (tab.7).
A:G ratio showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the values in diseased sheep from both sandy (0.89 ± 0.04) and muddy (0.91 ± 0.11) soils compared to the control group (1.2 ± 0.07) (tab.7).