الفهرس 
Anatomy of the LiverOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The liver is the largest internal organ. It has four lobes and is surrounded by a capsule of fibrous connective tissue. The blood vessels supplying the liver (portal vein and hepatic artery) enter at the hilum (or porta hepatis), from which the common bile duct (carrying bile secreted by the liver) and lymphatic vessels also leave. The hepatic veins follow a course independent of the portal vessels and enter the inferior vena cava. The spleen is the largest of the ductless glands situated principally in the left hypochondriac region. It lies between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. It is highly vascular, and of a dark purplish color. The measurement of liver size in children by percussion for the upper border of hepatic dullness and percussion or palpation for the lower border of the liver is a widespread practice in a routine examination. However, its accuracy depends not only on the cooperation of the child but also on the experience of the clinician. Alterations in the size and shape of liver and spleen occur in a wide variety of conditions. Liver and spleen span can be estimated by using clinical and radiological methods. The study included three hundred and thirty one normal school aged children ranged from 12 to 18 years of both sexes:67.7?% males and 32.3% females. They were divided into six age groups 12 up to 13 years , 13 up to 14 years, 14 up to15 years, 15 up to 16 years, 16 up to 17 years , 17 up to 18 years . each group included 21.15% , 18.75% ,21.15% ,12.08%, 11.78% and 15.11% children respectively.