الفهرس 
Embryology of the Biliary TractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 174 |  |  |
| | | from | 174 | | |
Abstract
Gallbladder disease is a common cause of upper abdominal pain, and acute cholecystitis is one of the most common reasons for hospital admission in patients with acute abdominal pain. Gallstones are among the most common gastrointestinal illness requiring hospitalization and frequently occur in young, otherwise healthy people with a prevalence of 11% to 36% in autopsy reports. Cholecystectomy remains the primary procedure for the management of symptomatic gallstone disease. It is safe, has the lowest risk of recurrence, and provides 92 percent of patients with complete relief of their biliary pain. The optimal treatment for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis is elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and cost effective compared with open cholecystectomy. Minimally invasive surgery has become the ‘‘gold standard’’ for cholecystectomy and patient’s choice because of less postoperative pain, better cosmetic results, faster recovery, and earlier return to normal activity. For that, reason many surgical diseases can be treated laparoscopically ensuring the same safety standard as conventional surgery. Applying laparoscopic techniques, operations are less traumatic; thus, the incidence of wound infections and incisional hernias has decreased. SILS appears to be a technically feasible alternative to standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can be performed with conventional laparoscopic instruments.