الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common form of diabetes and is currently a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Melatonin influences the metabolism of glucose at many different levels. Several authors have emphasized the importance of an intact melatonin signal for glucose homeostasis and shown that an insufficiency of melatonin coincides with type 2 diabetes.
The aim of this work was to study the possible alterations in the melatonin receptor 1B gene (MTNR1 B) and serum melatonin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the relations of these two parameters to diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications.
Subjects and methods: 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( Diabetic patients group=Group I) and 51 normal healthy volunteer subjects( Control group= Group II) were Included in this study. The Diabetic patients group was subdivided into 3 subgroups:Subgroup1A: included 18 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with no complications (Diabetic patients with no complications) ,Subgroup1B: included 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with micro vascular complications (Diabetic patients with micro vascular complications ) . All patients in this subgroup (16/16) had diabetic retinopathy, as well as diabetic nephropathy and 7/16 ( 43.75%) had peripheral neuropathy . Subgroup1C: included 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with macro vascular complications (Diabetic patients with macro vascular complications).All patients in this subgroup (16/16) had ischemic heart disease, 6/16 ( 37.5%) had peripheral vascular disease , 5/16 ( 31.25%) had transient ischemic attack ,14/16 (87.5%) had abnormal urinary albumin/ creatinine ratio and 92.85% of them had hypertension . For all subjects in the study : Special inquiry on sleep rhythm via the sleeping questionnaires I, II and III ,anthropometric measurements including body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist hip ratio, renal function tests, determination of urinary albumin /creatinine ratio by determination of urinary albumin and creatinine in urine using a ready-for-use automated colorimetric method, determination of micro-albumin in urine by ELISA, determination of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose using a ready-for-use automated colorimetric method, determination of whole blood Hb A1c levels using a ready-for- use chromatographic spectrophotometric ion exchange method ,determination of fasting serum insulin by chemoluminescence and determination of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Serum melatonin levels at 9 am and 9 pm were measured using a ready-for-use Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR was used for amplification and genotyping of MTNR1B gene rs#10830963 polymorphism in whole blood.