الفهرس 
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Abstract
It 1s difficult to give the defin>te onset of aging and the starting point of geriatric: ge.,
sarne cons1Cler 1t, however 55 years when degenerative cnanges beg1n 1.0 appear nd other 60 years
age of retirement, whlle the recent trend is 65 years
The relative perc::entage of patients over !::years who underwent operations 1n ou
lln1c nas 1ncreaseo from 1,;,1. m 1874 to 27’/. m 1989 -