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Abstract 1\CU’PF. .1\llll SUBACUTE 1’0X.,C P.Ft>ECTS OF gEHCUHY ON ’J’JIE I·’O’I’Il!’;fl fll, lJS /\Nil CONCP.NT’I’IIL 1\NOM/\LTES TN ’flll’!TH OJ.’PS!’RJNGS. Tlw [’re :ent inve :ti’]ation deals with the effect of pol uL.ion IJy different concentrat:i.ons of mercuric chlo.- r .ide. ’J his ;tudy uas cnrrlec.l out on mo .her hens ( Dokk i 1 4 iilf,igh ing 1. 750-2000 <JfllS 1 through three exper!menta1 groups and one control group. ’Plte experim ental groups were f<,d wi l:h sublethal doses of 2,4 and 8 Prm. Wltile the control group was malntaind on normal food through otJI: 45 days of the whole exp;”--’.men ta t.ion period. 1 - In Lh£C present stndy poisoning mah.i.fest.at::ions of m< r”uric chloride pollution of the three ·oups of mot her hens revealed general wedkness 111i th flabhy museulttture lee.ding to para!ysis 1 nausea and prostration. Stomatitis , excessive salivation and hloody diarrhea were also recorded. Central nervous system symptoms included ataxia r ttnumb ness of the feetso.ndvisual impairment. ’J•he tips of t:oes in 1:he t.:Jrsometnt.:-.rnus r.·eg.ion 105 showed pinkish colour with dusky pink patchy areas. The nails became dark and dropped off with twisting gangrene toes. 2- Marked reductions in the egg production was recorded throughout the last four weeks of mercuric chloride medication. Such effects were found to be directly proportional to the increase of the dose used on one hand and duration of treatment on the other hand. 3- The experimental mother hens showed percentual decrease in body weights reaching 7.2% in the lower dose, 16.9% and 29.28% in the midium and large doses respectively. The control group however showed an in crease in body weight reaching to 5.5% at the end of experiment which lasted for 45 days. 4- The present results showed a decrease in total count of red blood corpuscles as compared to control amounting to 8.7%, 24.2% and 50% according to the dose used. 5- A slight decrease in haemoglobin content after the use of lower dose was noticed. The percentual varia tion in haemoglobin reached 1.7% as compared with control group. In the two other experimental groups fed with 4 and 8 ppm of mercuric chloride a high per- 106 centual decrease 1n haemoglobin was shown reaching 18.0 and 34.9% respectively. 6- The follow up of haematocrit value in all experimen tal groups showed a progressive decrease which was proportional to dose of mercury used. This decrease reached 5.16, 9.6 and 18.06% respectively. Such decrease in haematocrit value was attributed to the haemolysis of red blood cells caused by mercury poisoning. 7- The total leucocyte count of all experimental groups showed an obvious increase as compared to control. This increase reached 21.27, 37.54 and 49.82% after using 2’4and 8 ppm of mercury salt respectively. 8- Water content of the liver showed decrease in treated groups receiving different concentrations of mercuric chloride 2_,4 and 8 ppm. This decrease in treated groups reached 6.4, 8.4 and 10.9% respectively when compared with water content of control group. 9- Intestinal water content showed a mild decrease in experimental group receiving 2 ppm of mercuric chloride this decrease reached 0.34% as compared with control. In the other two experimental groups receiv ing 4 and 8 ppm of mercuric chloride a high decrease 107 1n intestinal water content was observed being 4.5 and 5.9% respectively as compared with control group. 10- Water content of the skin of different experimental groups of medicated mother hens by mercuric chloride 2.4 and 8 ppm. showed a decrease in skin water con tent reaching 2.7, 5.4 and 5.9% as compared with con trol group. 11- Hepatic lipid content showed a mild decrease being 4.16% in experimental group receiving 2 ppm of HgCla as compared with control group. Hepatic lipid con tents in the experimental groups receiving 4 and 8ppm. of HgC12 were found to increase reaching 47.5 and 87.5% as compared with control. 12- The three doses 2,4 and 8 ppm of HgC1 2 were found to initiate a pronounced increase in total lipid content in intestine reaching 66.6, 136.2 and 198.5% respectively. 13- In polluted mother hens with mercury Qn increase in lipid content in skin amounted to 5.8, 60.3 and 78.26% respectively as compared with control group. 14- Gross and histological features of the studied organs showed that liver damage was evident by aggregations of H.B.C., dilatation and congestion of blood 108 vessels, progressed to large vacuolar necrosis sur- rounded by fibroblastic margins filled with inflam matory and haemorrhagic lesions. 15- Gross morphological and hitological exmainations of skin of treated mother hens with different doses of mercuric chloride showed that desquamation. pyoderma and deciduous feathers occured. Also inflammation was Clear in the epiderms in which polymorphs emigrate to the sites of the inflammation and dilatation of the blood vessels in the dermis appeared. Necrosis and fibrosis were shown among the dermis, the intradermal fat tissue and the filoplume follicles. 16- The teratogenic effect of mercury on chick embryogenesis and their alizarine were studied in present work. Many types of congential anomalies were shown amnong the examined chick enbryos. They could be summaried as follows: a- Reduction in the body size. b- Excencephaly of the head. c- Scoliosis. d Edema. e- Deformed beak. f- Microphthalmia. g-Um bilical hernia. h- Weakness and paralysis of the hind limbs with short crooked tibia and bVVisted tarso metatarsus bones. i- Unincorparated haemorrhagic yolk sac. j- Alopecia was also observed in some of the 109 chick embryos. It was worth mentioned that he chick embryos of the third group of the treated mother hens receiving acute dose of mercuric chloride 8.0 ppm and treated with alizarine stain showed atrophy and denaturation of muscles and ligaments of all the body. As a result, the bones were separated from the endoskeleton and habhazardly scattered. Moreover some bones were faintly stained owing to their lack of ossification. |