الفهرس 
Morphological Examination of Chick EmbryosOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 148 |  |  |
| | | from | 148 | | |
Abstract
1\CU’PF. .1\llll SUBACUTE 1’0X.,C P.Ft>ECTS OF gEHCUHY
ON ’J’JIE I·’O’I’Il!’;fl fll, lJS /\Nil CONCP.NT’I’IIL 1\NOM/\LTES TN ’flll’!TH
OJ.’PS!’RJNGS.
Tlw [’re :ent inve :ti’]ation deals with the effect of pol uL.ion IJy different
concentrat:i.ons of mercuric chlo.- r .ide. ’J his ;tudy uas cnrrlec.l out on mo .her
hens
( Dokk i 1 4 iilf,igh ing 1. 750-2000 <JfllS 1 through three
exper!menta1 groups and one control group. ’Plte experim ental groups were f<,d wi l:h
sublethal doses of 2,4 and
8 Prm. Wltile the control group
was malntaind on normal food through otJI: 45 days of the whole exp;”--’.men ta t.ion period.
1 - In Lh£C present stndy poisoning mah.i.fest.at::ions of
m< r”uric chloride pollution of the three ·oups of mot her hens revealed general wedkness
111i th flabhy museulttture lee.ding to para!ysis 1 nausea and prostration. Stomatitis ,
excessive salivation
and hloody diarrhea were also recorded. Central nervous system symptoms included ataxia r ttnumb
ness of the feetso.ndvisual impairment.
’J•he tips of t:oes in 1:he t.:Jrsometnt.:-.rnus r.·eg.ion
105
showed pinkish colour with dusky pink patchy areas. The nails became dark and dropped off with
twisting gangrene toes.
2- Marked reductions in the egg production was recorded
throughout the last four weeks of mercuric chloride medication. Such effects were found to be
directly proportional to the increase of the dose used on one hand and duration of treatment on
the other hand.
3- The experimental mother hens showed percentual
decrease in body weights reaching 7.2% in the lower dose, 16.9% and 29.28% in the midium and
large doses respectively. The control group however showed an in crease in body weight reaching
to 5.5% at the end of experiment which lasted for 45 days.
4- The present results showed a decrease in total count of red blood corpuscles as compared
to control
amounting to 8.7%,
24.2% and 50% according to the
dose used.
5- A slight decrease in haemoglobin content after the use of lower dose was noticed. The
percentual varia tion in haemoglobin reached 1.7% as compared with control group. In the two
other experimental groups fed with 4 and 8 ppm of mercuric chloride a high per-
106
centual decrease 1n haemoglobin was shown reaching
18.0 and 34.9% respectively.
6- The follow up of haematocrit value in all experimen tal groups showed a progressive
decrease which was proportional to dose of mercury used. This decrease reached 5.16, 9.6 and
18.06% respectively. Such
decrease in haematocrit value was attributed to
the
haemolysis of red blood cells caused by mercury poisoning.
7- The total leucocyte count of all experimental groups showed an obvious increase as compared
to control. This increase reached 21.27, 37.54 and 49.82% after using 2’4and 8 ppm of mercury salt
respectively.
8- Water content of the liver showed decrease in treated groups receiving different concentrations
of mercuric chloride 2_,4 and 8 ppm. This decrease in treated groups reached 6.4, 8.4 and 10.9%
respectively when compared with water content of control group.
9- Intestinal water content showed a mild decrease in experimental group receiving 2 ppm of
mercuric chloride this decrease reached 0.34% as compared with control. In the other two
experimental groups receiv ing 4 and 8 ppm of mercuric chloride a high decrease
107
1n intestinal water content was observed being 4.5 and 5.9% respectively as compared with control
group.
10- Water content of the skin of different experimental groups of medicated mother hens by
mercuric chloride
2.4 and 8 ppm. showed a decrease in skin water con tent reaching 2.7, 5.4 and 5.9% as compared
with con trol group.
11- Hepatic lipid content showed a mild decrease being
4.16% in experimental group receiving 2 ppm of HgCla as compared with control group. Hepatic
lipid con tents in the experimental groups receiving 4 and
8ppm. of HgC12 were found to increase reaching 47.5
and 87.5% as compared with control.
12- The three doses 2,4 and 8 ppm of HgC1 2 were found to initiate a pronounced increase in total
lipid content in intestine reaching 66.6, 136.2 and 198.5% respectively.
13- In polluted mother hens with mercury Qn increase in lipid content in skin amounted to 5.8,
60.3 and
78.26% respectively as compared with control group.
14- Gross and histological features of the studied organs showed that liver damage was evident by
aggregations of H.B.C., dilatation and congestion of blood
108
vessels, progressed to large vacuolar necrosis sur- rounded by fibroblastic margins filled with
inflam matory and haemorrhagic lesions.
15- Gross morphological and hitological exmainations of skin of treated mother hens with
different doses of mercuric chloride showed that desquamation. pyoderma and deciduous feathers
occured. Also inflammation was Clear in the epiderms in which polymorphs emigrate to the sites of
the inflammation and dilatation of the blood vessels in the dermis appeared. Necrosis and
fibrosis were shown among the dermis, the intradermal fat tissue and the filoplume follicles.
16- The teratogenic effect of mercury on chick embryogenesis and their alizarine
were studied in present work. Many types of congential anomalies were shown amnong the examined
chick enbryos. They could be summaried as follows: a- Reduction in the body size. b-
Excencephaly of the head. c- Scoliosis. d Edema. e- Deformed beak. f- Microphthalmia. g-Um
bilical hernia. h- Weakness and paralysis of the hind limbs with short crooked tibia and bVVisted
tarso metatarsus bones. i- Unincorparated haemorrhagic yolk sac. j- Alopecia was also
observed in some of the
109
chick embryos.
It was worth mentioned that he chick embryos
of the third group of the treated mother hens receiving acute dose of mercuric chloride 8.0 ppm and
treated with alizarine stain showed atrophy and denaturation of muscles and ligaments of all the
body. As a result,
the bones were separated from the endoskeleton and habhazardly scattered. Moreover some bones were
faintly stained owing to their lack of ossification.