الفهرس 
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Abstract
Deltamethrin is one insecticide of pyrethroids group which consider the most used insecticide in controlling the agrictulture and homes pests. Deltamethrin insecticide used with many trade names as Decis 10%.Profenofos is one insecticide of organophosphorus group, used in Egypt and world for long time with trade name of selecron 72% to control the cotton loaf worms on vegetable crops.This search studied the chronic toxicity effect of deltamethrin and profenofos insecticides on female albino rats through administrated the rats by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of both insecticides for nine months. At the end of exposure period we have taken samples of blood from each treated and untreated groups of rats for biochemical analytical processes. As well as we have taken samples from liver cells and kidney cells of ” treated and untreated ” groups of rats to evaluat the chronic effect of two used insecticides on cells and their organelles by using electron microscopy.Results obtained were as follow : I. Determination of median lethal doses of deltamethrin and profenofos insecticides on female albino rats : Sixty rats were used in this experiment with weights about 120-140 gm for each one approximately. The results showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) of delamethrin insecticide 10% was 34.05 mg/kg of body weight while the median lethal dose (LD50) of profenofos insecticide 72% was 569.81 mg/kg of body weight.II. chronic toxic effects of deltamethrin and profenofos insecticides on biochemical parameters of the blood of female albino rats : Fifty rats were used in this experiment, the rats divided into five groups each group have ten rats, one group have not received any insecticides ” control ”, two groups received deltamethrin insecticide with doses 1/10 and 1/20 of median lethal dose and two last groups received profenofos insecticide with doses 1/10 and 1/20 of median lethal dose, day after two days for nine months. At the end of exposure period, samples of blood were taken from all groups for the following examinations : 1. Blood picture : Results showed that haemoglobin content, red blood cells counts and the platelets were decreased in all treated groups as compared with those of the control group whereas the white blood cells counts were increased in all treated groups as compared with those of the control group.2. Total protein, total cholesterol and some enzymes in the blood serum: The results revealed that the total protein and the value of glutamic pyruvic transaminase were decreased in all treated groups as compared with those of the control.where the total protein in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide were 1.32 and 1.37 gm/dl respectively. And the total protein in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos insecticide were 1.1 and 1.5 mg/dl respectively.Whereas the total protein in the blood serum of untreated rats (control group) was 3.0 gm/dl.- For glutamic pyruvic transminase in the blood serum of treated and untreated rats were as follow : 88.6 and 60.45 μ/L in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin respectively. 88.62 and 60.45 μ/L in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos respectively. Whereas the value of this enzyme in blood serum of untreated rats (control group) was 96.0 μ/L.The obtained results presented that the values of alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase increased in the blood serum of treated group as compared to those of control as follow : - For Alkaline phosphatase were :195 and 184 μ/L in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide respectively.211.95 and 181.8 μ/L in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos insecticide respectively. The value of this enzyme in blood serum of untreated rats was 145 μ/L. - For glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were : 370 and 333.4 μ/L in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide respectively.270 and 290 μ/L in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos respectively.The value of this enzyme in blood serum of untreated rats was 150 μ/L.The values of total cholesterol in the blood serum of treated and untreated rats are variables as follow : In rats treated by 1/10 LD50 of deltamethrin, the value of total cholesterol in blood serum was 30.5 mg/dl, but in rats treated by 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin, the value of total cholesterol in blood serum was 145 mg/dl. The control value was 120 mg/dl. In rats treated by 1/10 LD50 of profenofos insecticide, the value of total cholesterol in the blood serum was 30.5 mg/dl but in rats treated by 1/20 LD50 of profenofos insecticide, the value of total cholesterol in the blood serum was 190.6 mg/dl. The control value was 170 mg/dl.3- Urea, creatinine and levels of some minerals in the blood serum : The results showed a significant increase of urea content and total creatinine in the blood serum of all treated groups as compared within control whereas the results showed a decrease of the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium and ferritin in the blood serum of all treated groups compared with control.In rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide, the total urea in blood serum were 250 and 230 mg/dl respectively, and in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos insecticide, the total urea in blood serum were 200 and 210 mg/dl respectively. The control value was 12 mg/dl, The creatinine values in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide were 4.6 and 4.1 mg/dl respectively. The creatinine values in rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos insecticide were 4.6 and 4.3 mg/dl respectively.Whereas the creatinine value in the untreated rats (control) was 0.67 mg/dl.Levels of sodium in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide were 122 and 130 m.mol/L respectively and the levels of sodium in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20LD50 of profenofos insecticide were 110 and 118 m.mol/L respectively. The control value was 140 m.mol/L.Levels of potassium in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide were 4.4 and 5.8 m.mol/L respectively and levels of potassium in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos insecticide were 4.1 and 4.5 m.mol/L respectively. The control value was 32.5 m.mol/L.Levels of calcium in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide were 4.2 and 6.2 m.gm/dl respectively, and levels of potassium in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos insecticide were 3.8 and 5.2 m.gm/dl respectively. The control value was 10.2 m.gm/dl.Levels of ferritin in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of deltamethrin insecticide were 4.8 and 4.9 m/m.L respectively. The control value was 80 n/m.L.Levels of ferritin in the blood serum of rats treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of profenofos insecticide were 6.8 and 5.00 n/m.L respectively. The control value was 100 n/m.L.III. Study of chronic toxic effect of deltamethrin and profenofos insecticides on cellular organelles of liver and kidney cells in albino rat females : Examinations of liver and kidney sections by electronic microscope showed changes in cellular organelles of both organs in all groups treated by 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 of two used insecticides as compared with those of control. In liver sections of treated rats degenerations occurred in cytoplasm, golgi bodies, Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. Also changes occurred in mitochondria and nucleus. In kidney sections of treated rats, gogli bodies, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were damaged. Changes occurred in lysosomes and chromosomes.In sections of liver and kidney tissues distinct alteration occurred in cell membranes, nuclear membranes and unconcentric nucleolus which indicated the toxic effects of this pesticides on mammals. chronic toxicity of deltamethrin and profenofos (with doses of 1/10 LD50 and 1/20 LD50 mg, a.i./kg, b.w.) on cell organelles of liver and kidney cells of albino rat females was recorded and concluded as follow: - Deltamethrin and profenofos caused a toxic effects on cellular organelles of liver and kidney cells as compared with control.- Toxicity of two used insecticides was higher in liver cells than in kidney cells as compared with control. - Toxicity of profenofos was higher than toxicity of deltamethrin on cell organelles especially in liver cells.- Toxicity of two used insecticides on nucleus and its components was recorded in many electronic micrograph of liver and kidney tissues, which required more search.