الفهرس 
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Abstract
Distributed generation (DG) refers to small scale generating units,
including renewable and non-renewable energies, Distributed Generation
Resources (DGR) are connected at or near the load centers to provide
electricity locally to the customers unlike large central power plants. This
is considered a potential solution for the serious stability problems
resulting from increase in power consumption if there are no impending
construction projects of new power plants or transmission lines. DG has a
very important role in planning the electrical distribution networks if it is
located and sized not just according to a plan but it has to be properly.
This thesis introduces the application of a sequential algorithm, for
locating and sizing DGs sources, on two distribution systems: an IEEE
33-bus system and a practical Egyptian distribution network of 47 bus
located south of Cairo city. The algorithm is implemented using the wellknown
ETAP program and Genetic Algorithms (GA). The algorithm aims
at reducing the total active power losses and enhancing the voltage profile
through siting of single, two and three DG units at optimal locations with
optimal sizes while meeting the constraints of the unit’s power factor and
the reactive power limits. Several study cases were considered. This study
will be of help for system planning engineers in preparing a reliable and
dependable plan when dealing with the integration of DGs in their
networks.
The study of IEEE 33-bus test system showed that integrating of
single DG unit at the optimal location with the optimal size can minimize
the system total losses by 44.5% and gives remarkable voltage
enhancement with respect to base case. Also for the practical case study it
was demonstrated that integrating three DG units at the optimal locations
with optimal sizes can minimize the system total losses by 27.8% and
III
give the best voltage enhancement with respect to base case. The
investigations showed that DGs penetration level of about 25% of the
slack bus capacity for the two test systems would be optimal, as it results
in the lowest total power loss values while providing the best voltage
enhancement in all studied cases.
An Economic study based on the contribution of the private sector in
building small scale power plants as a tool for economic gross is also
presented for the practical case study including energy and capacity cost.
The study demonstrates the financial feasibility of DGs integration into
distribution grids through evaluation of the Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
and establishing its profitability. The study shows that investment into
small scale power generation projects can be financially feasible for
Independent Power Producers (IPPs). Thus, developing countries should
encourage this approach as alternative sources of funding, other than
conventional sources of country lending.