الفهرس 
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Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture is mostly a sport-related injury, with a greater incidence in middle-aged males. Despite a comprehensive history and examination, the low intensity of symptoms can often lead to delayed or missed diagnosis. Two positive findings on examination, such as palpable gap and Thompson test, will suffice to diagnose acute rupture (Nandra; et al., 2011).
Management of acute ruptures must be assessed on an individual basis. It entails preinjury activity levels, co-morbidities and resource allocation. A number of meta-analyses have failed to make definitive recommendations of the management of acute ruptures. Surgical intervention reduces re-rupture rates, but infection and postoperative morbidity is greater than conservative treatment. Early mobilisation and rehabilitation programmes are effective in non-operative management and following surgery. Percutaneous surgery is minimally invasive, less time with reduced infection (Nandra; et al., 2011).
chronic Achilles tendon ruptures are uncommon but potentially debilitating and challenging to treat. Most of these are a result of failure to make the initial diagnosis (Maffulli and Ajis, 2008).
Nonoperative treatment preserved for patients with low functional demands or contraindications for surgery. Surgical treatment aims to restore continuity to tendon ends that may have retracted leading to irreducible gaps. Most reports have shown improvement in patient outcomes with surgical intervention; however, most patients continue to show some strength deficits in comparison to their contralateral limb (Padanilam, 2009).