الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatitis C is known as ”Inflammation of the liver by Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) which is a Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) virus of Flaviviridae family. There are 6 major HCV genotypes and more than 50 subtypes. The extensive genetic heterogeneity of HCV and the lack of a vigorous T-cell response has made this an elusive virus to treat .Acute HCV infection in adults is rarely observed and most chronically infected children are asymptomatic Or have non –specific fatigue like abdominal pain, fever and vomiting. HCV RNA was assessed in the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) serosensitive sample using a direct reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of trematodes. The disease affects many people in developing countries. When persons come into contact with a contaminated water source, the parasitic larvae easily enter through their skin and further mature within organ tissues. Seventy four developing countries statistically identified epidemics of Schistosomiasis within their respective populations
Parenteral antischistosomal therapy has been assumed to be a major risk factor for HCV infection in Egypt
Schistosomiasis is endemic in Egypt, exacerbated by the country’s dam and irrigation projects along the Nile. from the late 1950s through the early 1980s, infected villagers were treated with repeated shots of tartar emetic. Epidemiological evidence suggests that this campaign unintentionally contributed to the spread of the hepatitis C virus via unclean needles. Egypt has the world’s highest hepatitis C infection rate, and the infection rates in various regions of the country closely track the timing and intensity of the anti-schistosomiasis campaign
evaluated if serum levels of cytokines can be used as biological markers to predict severity of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis and hepatitis C as isolated diseases or co-infections. Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis is usually performed by histopathological examination of biopsies. However, this is an invasive and potentially dangerous procedure. Serum biological markers of hepatic fibrosis evaluates the use of serum cytokines as markers of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis C, schistosomiasis, and co-infection.