الفهرس 
Cover Page Title in EnglishOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present experimental investigation aimed to compare between three common techniques (scrotal, prescrotal and pinhole) for surgical castration in dogs The experimental study was conducted on 12 apparently healthy adult male stray dogs, having body weights of 20-30 kg and age 1 to 2 years Dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group (1) included 3 dogs, were sterilized by prescrotal technique of castration. Group (2) included 3 dogs, were sterilized by scrotal technique of castration. Meanwhile, group (3) included 3 dogs, were sterilized by pinhole technique (in-situ bilateral spermatic cord ligation After complete preparation of each animal for aseptic surgery and under the effect of general anaethesia, the closed prescrotal castration of the selected three dogs was performed according to Booth (2003) and Tobias (2010) and scrotal castration was carried out in three dogs according to the technique described byHowe (2006) and Tobias (2010). While, bilateral in-situ ligation of spermatic cord in three dogs were carried out according to Ponvijay (2007) and Baba et al. (2012)Animal preparation requirements (required instrument, anaesthesia and average time), intra-operative complication(s) (especially bleeding), post operative complication(s) (cosmetic appearance and healing scores), and economic value (cost) of all dogs were evaluated. Evaluation of the pain marker by estimation of serum cortisol concentration. All collected data was analyzed statistically All pinhole castrated animals were subjected to scrotal dimensions estimation (scrotal length and circumference) and hitopathological examination after 28 days from surgery in comparison with control one of group 2.Results of the present study revealed that; closed prescrotal castration is the best post operative cosmetic appearance, fewest post operative complications, less painful and the fastest healing time but is expensive and time consuming when compared with pinhole technique Highest serum cortisol concentration was reported in the pinhole technique when compared with prescrotal and scrotal techniques so it was more stressful technique and need long post operative managmental care No major intra-operative complications were observed in dogs subjected to either prescrotal or scrotal castration and testes were excised completely and in dogs underwent pinhole castration Scrotal dimensions in pinhole were reported maximum swelling on day 5 that subsequently reduced to below pre-ligation value at the end of one month observation period. Histopathological examination of the preserved testicles from the dogs subjected to pinhole method revealed testicular degenerative changes typical of ischemic necrosis after 28 days from surgery and undesirable testicular finding was found edematous changes in the interstitial tissue with suppurative inflammation in other cases.