الفهرس 
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Abstract
The latter half of the twentieth century has been witness to a variety of releases
of radioactive materials from industrial facilities, military program activities, or
to over exposure of persons due to the improper use and disposal of radiation
sources. These events resulted in a broad range of ionizing radiation exposure to
a considerable number of people. There have been about 400 radiation accidents
registered in 1944–2000 worldwide leading to confirmed significant over
exposure of 3000 persons, hence, in case of exposure of the public to radiation,
one can use human calcified tissues such as teeth, hair or nails as radiation
dosimeter.
In many situations, the human teeth cannot be available, so few investigators
were going to work with the dental tissues for animals. The most of their articles
were directed in the chronology studies, it means that the enamel samples were
exposed to a past radiation. The current study was going to study EPR spectra of
camel teeth which is not existed in the region of most of EPR investigators
(Europe – north of Asia – USA). The camel has 22 milk teeth and 32 permanent
teeth. It is different to other ruminants in having two front teeth in the upper jaw.
Camels also have a pair of canine in both the upper and lower jaws which are
used to crush woody plants for food. So, the camel teeth are mostly similar to
the human teeth. Nevertheless, no EPR studies with camel enamel teeth were
done before. So the EPR study of camel can substitute the human teeth in many
conditions.
Tooth enamel samples from molar teeth of camel were prepared with combined
procedures of mechanical and chemical treatments of teeth. The EPR dose
responses of the tooth enamel samples were examined in comparison with that
Summary
of human. The EPR dose response was obtained of tooth enamel samples by
irradiated them to gamma dose from 1Gy up to 100kGy. The dosimetric signal
was found to be increased linearly with gamma dose for all studied tooth enamel
samples up to about 14.7 kGy. Afterward, the proportionality of linearity started
to be decreased.