الفهرس 
مشكلة الدراسة وأهميتها
الشيخوخةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Aging is an inevitable stage for everyone who is destined to live
long. It is one of the essential human growth stages, accompanied by a
number of physiological, psychological, emotional and social changes;
the person grows old and becomes in need of other people’s help and care.
Regarding that, God Almighty said, ”And some of you will be returned to
the vilest age, so that he may not know, after having known”(Al-Hajj: ٥).
Problem of the study :
١-Do the quality and aspects of life differ in proportion to the differing
variables of sex (male/female), place of residence (rural/urban), education
level (high/ intermediate/ low), type of residence (nursing home/ with
family/ alone) among the sample of elderly under study?
٢-Is there a positive correlational relationship between the quality of life
with its subcategories on one hand, and optimism, social support, mental
toughness, emotional intelligence and religious awareness on the other
hand? (Each section of the sample – those who live with family, alone or
at a nursing home – will be considered separately).
٣-Is it possible to predict the quality of life in the sample of elderly (with
family/ alone/ at a nursing home) through a number of psychological
variables such as optimism, mental toughness, emotional intelligence,
social support and religious awareness?
٤- Is it possible to predict the quality of life in the sample of elderly (with
family/ alone/ at a nursing home) through a number of demographic
variables such as sex (male/female), place of residence (rural/urban) and
education level (high/ intermediate/ low)?
Sample of the study:
The sample of the study contains three groups: the first group contains ٩٠
people of those elderly who live with family; the second consists of ٧٤
people of those elderly who live by their own at home; and the third
contains ٦٦ people of those elderly who live at a nursing home. The first
and second groups were taken from the city of Asyut, while the third was
taken from the social nursing home for men at Fatah in Asyut (n=١٢), the
nursing home at the Islamic Cultural Center in Asyut (n=٤), Synod
Hospitality House in Asyut (n=١٣), a nursing home in Cairo (n=٨), Dar
Al-Hedaya at Elras Elsodaa (n=١٤), and the social nursing home for men
in Alexandria (n=١٥). All of the three groups (Total=٢٣٠) were similar in
all the variables except for ’the type of residence’ variable.
Tools of the study:
١-The measure of the quality of life for elderly people (prepared by the
researcher)
٢-The social support measure (prepared by the researcher)
٣-The emotional intelligence measure (prepared by Faten Farouk Abdul-
Fatah Mousa)
٤-The mental toughness measure (prepared by Emad Mukheimar)
٥-The optimism measure (prepared by Ahmed Mohammed Abdul-
Khaliq)
٦-The religious awareness measure (prepared by Abdul-Raqeeb Al-
Behairi and Adel Demerdash)
Statistical Methods:
Multiple Analysis of Variance ANOVA, statistical significance of the
differences between means using the value of ’t’ (t. test), LSD Test,Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Factor Analysis, Alfa Coefficient,
and Multiple Regression Analysis.
Results of the study:
The first hypothesis results:
The quality and aspects of life (as a dependent variable) are affected by
the following demographic variables: place of residence (rural/urban),
education level (pre-intermediate/intermediate/high), and type of
residence (with family/ alone/ at a nursing home). They are, moreover,
affected by the interaction between the following pairs of variables (using
the quality of life measure): sex and education level; sex and type of
residence; place of residence and education level; place of residence and
type of residence; education level and type of residence; and sex, place of
residence and type of residence.
However, the quality and aspects of life (as a dependent variable) are not
affected by the sex variable (male/female). They are also not affected by
the interaction between the following sets of variables (using the quality
of life measure): sex and place of residence; sex, place of residence and
education level; sex, education level and type of residence; place of
residence, education level and type of residence; and sex, place of
residence, education level and type of residence.
The second hypothesis results:
There is a direct correlational relationship between the quality of life on
one hand and optimism and social support on the other. There is,
however, an inverse correlational relationship between the quality of life
and both mental toughness and emotional intelligence in the sample of
elderly people under study (with family/ alone/ at a nursing home). The
correlation matrix showed a direct relationship between the quality of lifereligious awareness in the sample of elderly people who live alone or at a
nursing home. Such a relationship is not existent in the sample of elderly
who live with family.
The third and the fourth hypothesis results:
The quality of life for elderly people (who live with family, alone or at a
nursing home) can be predicted through a number of psychological
variables such as optimism, mental toughness, emotional intelligence,
social support and religious awareness, as well as through a number of
demographic variables such as sex, place of residence and education
level.