الفهرس 
Virulence Mechanisms and Virulence FactorsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds and spread of infection for their contacts or milk consumers were discussed critically. This study was carried out in Cairo, El-Sharkia and El- Behera Governorate, in Egypt in between 2011 and 2013. There were 1360 samples, 1110 animal samples from tuberculin positive, negative or none tested cases and 250 human samples.
The animal samples including (470: 320 farm milk, 150 market milk (Cairo)), 320 serum samples and 320 whole blood samples. All samples were examined by different techniques and several associated risk factors were studied and all results were statistically analyzed by Chi-square.
Farm milk samples were Cultured, microscopically examined and RT-PCR tested and the results revealed higher prevalence in El-Sharkia Governorate as 6/200(3%), 3/200(1.5%) and 8/200(4%), respectively. By statistical analysis of the results using Chi-square, it is found to be significant.
Real time PCR for tuberculin positive cases, revealed 6/200 positive cases, with a percentage of (12%).
Culture of Market milk, Microscopical examination and RT- PCR revealed 2/150(3%), 1/150(1.5%) and 2/150(3%), respectively, statistical analysis of the results revealed no significance at P< 0.05.
from all the examined milk samples there were 9 isolated colonies. These colonies were examined by Mtplx- PCR to differentiate between different types of Mycobacteria and the results were 5 M. bovis, 3 M. tuberculosis and 1 MOTT.
Serological diagnosis of the serum samples and IFN-γ assay of the same animals’ whole blood samples revealed higher results in El-Sharkia Governorate 21/200(10.5%) and 30/200(15%), respectively than El- Behera Governorate 10/120(8.3%) and
15/150(12.5%).
Some associated risk factors in animals were studies such as breed, age and herd size.
Concerning breed, Fresian breeds appeared to be more susceptible then Holistein and Semental (6%), (4%) and (1%), respectively. By statistical analysis of the results revealed no significance at P< 0.05.
As regards to age, the animal aged (5- 9) years have higher prevalence than (> 9 years) and (2-5 years old) as (4%), (3%) and (1%), respectively. By statistical analysis of the results revealed no significance at P< 0.05.
Concerning herd size, higher prevalence was found among (>50 animals), than (1-25 animals) as (2.9%) and (2.5%), respectively. By statistical analysis of the results revealed no significance at P< 0.05.
Higher IFN-γ assay results in human samples than ELISA results as (6.4%) and (1.2%), respectively.
Some associated risk factors in human were studied such as gender, age and overcrowding. Concerning sex, Males aging (> 50 years) was more affected than females as 9/201(5%) and 2/4(4%), respectively, by statistical analysis of the results by Chi-square, it is found to be non significant at P< 0.05.
As regards to Age, those ages were (> 50 years old) have higher prevalence than (21- 35 Y), (36- 50 Y) then (10-20 Y) as 7/152(5%), 2/21(3%), 2/70(1%), 0/7(0%), respectively by statistical analysis of the results by Chi-square, it is found to be non significant at P< 0.05.
By studying the residence as a risk factor, those living in rural communities appeared to be more susceptible (6%) than living in urban communities (3%), by statistical analysis of the results by Chi-square, it is found to be non significant at P< 0.05.