الفهرس 
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Abstract
Removal of pollutants from wastewater is essential for the protection and
maintenance of receiving aquatic environments. The main goal of the present
work was to evaluate the performance of El-Manzala constructed wetland as
low cost facility to remediate (physically and biologically) chemical, bacterial
and viral pollution in wastewater through sedimentation basins and
phytoremediation treatment using planted cells; figure out different relations
using correlation followed by regression analysis; and develop empirical
models to predict and describe these relations.
Bahr El-Baqar drain receives high organic loads from domestic (point &
diffuse sources) and industrial sources. El-Manzala Constructed wetland
(MCW) is an engineered system that have been designed and constructed to
utilize the natural processes involving soils and wetland vegetation to assist in
treating wastewaters. MCW system established near to the Manazala Lake on
the main stream of the Bahr El-Baqar drain to treat 25,000 m3 per day of the
polluted drainage water to protect the ecology of Lake Manzala. The Free
Water Surface System was considered, and consists of the sedimentation basin
SB (as physical treatment) followed by ten planted surface flow wetland
treatment cells end with collection channel (vegetated cells) VC (as biological
treatment), then the treated wastewater reused in fish farm (F).
Removal Efficiency of Physical Pollutants
Physical water quality parameters are temperature (T) and electric
conductivity (EC). For temperature (T), despite of temperature measurements
was affected by MCW, variation in influent and effluent temperature does not
have significant differences, and did not exceed the limit of Law 48/2013. For
electrical conductivity (EC), EC values did not show significant differences
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between inlet, SB and VC, but were significant after fish farms, that means that
fish wastes affected EC values.
Removal Efficiency of Chemical Pollutants
Chemical water quality parameters include pH, dissolved oxygen (DO),
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total
dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS),
alkalinity, total phosphates (TP) and nitrates (TN), cations & anions and heavy
metals.
For pH, continuous slightly changes occurred between acidic and
alkaline nature of the wastewater samples. Despite of that, the pH values did
not exceed the permissible limit of Law 48/2013, and there were no significant
differences between different stages of MCW. There was no correlation in the
variation of pH at different stages and after reusing the treated wastewater in
fish farm.
For dissolved oxygen (DO), increasing in oxygen amount in water was
detected after each treatment, especially after biological treatment (VC). There
were significant differences between each treatment of MCW compared to the
influent of wastewater. The difference of oxygen concentration after SB (as a
physical treatment), and was significant after VC (as biological treatment) were
significant, while after fish farms it was close to results after SB and VC. All
records exceeded permissible limit of Law 48/2013, which means the reused
wastewater is not suitable even if after MCW treatments. The attendance of
fish has negative side effects on the treatment performance which shows
misguiding indications about the performance of MCW.
For biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), there was a moderate decrease
in BOD values after the water has been passing through SB. The average.