الفهرس 
Introduction
Prevalence of parasitic infection in goatsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of some parasites of digestive system of goats in Assiut Governorate using fecal examination and post mortem examination. For this purpose, two hundred and sixty rectal fecal samples were collected from goats from three localities (Dairout, Manfalout and Sedfa) in Assiut Governorate during November 2012 to December 2013. Also 30 digestive tracts were collected in the period from May 2014 to the end of September 2014 from Beni-Adi (Manfalout) Assiut Governorate, to investigate goats for digestive system parasites, their seasonal abundance, age and sex susceptibility of these animals to the infection, as well as description of the recovered helminth parasites using ordinary and scanning electron microscope.
- The results of fecal samples examination :
- The parasites which were encountered in feces of goats were :
1-Trematodes: (Fasiola spp., Dicrocoelium denderiticum, Paramphistomum cervi and Schistosoma bovis).
2- Cestodes: (Monezia spp. Avitellina centripunctata).
3- Nematodes: (Trichuris ovis, Ascaris vitulorum, Strongyle spp. eggs and Nematode larvae).
4- Eimeria spp.: (E. arloingi, E. caprovina, E. christenseni ,E. hirci, E. jolchijevi, E, caprina, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. aljevi, E. apsheronica).
- Prevalence of parasitic infection in examined fecal samples of goats :
A - Regarding the age ;
Out of 162 adult goats and 98 kids; the following was observed:
Concerning helminths infection in the present work, they were detected in 37.3% of examined goats, where the infection rate was 40.1% in adults and 32.65% in kids rate of infection by trematodes was 13.85% (16.05% in adult and 10.2% in kids), Four genera of trematodes were isolated as following; Fasciola spp. was 6.54% (7.41% in adult and 5.1% in kids), Dicrocoelium denderiticum was 3.46% (4.32% in adult and 2.04% in kids), Paramphistomum cervi was 2.7% (3.09% in adult and 2.04% in kids) while the infection by Schistosoma bovis was 1,15% (1.23% in adult and 1.02% in kids).
- The prevalence of cestodes infections were 6.15% (6.79% in adult and 5.1% in kids) represented as Monezia spp. was 5. 38% (6.17% in adult and 4.08% in kids) while the infection by Avitellina centripunctata was 0.77% (0.62% in adult and 1.02% in kids).
- The prevalence of the nematode worms was 17.31% (17.28% in adult and 17.35% in kids) and the main genera of nematodes in the surveyed goats were Strongyle spp. eggs 4.32% (5.56% in adult and 3.06% in kids), Nematode larvae 7.31% (7.41% in adult and 7.14% in kids), Ascaris vitulorum 3.08% (4.08% in kids and 2.47% in adult) while the infection with Trichuris ovis was 2.31% ( 3.06% in kids and 1.85% in adult).
- Eimeria spp. infection was the most prevalent parasitic infection (43.07%) in surveyed goats; their infection rate was 48.98% in kids and 39.5% in adults.
B - Regarding the Sex;
In the present study some differences in sex distribution with certain parasites were noted after examination of 163 female goats and 97 male goats as following;
In the surveyed goats the rate of helminths infection in male goats was 38.14% while in female goats it was 36.81% shown as following:
-Trematodes infection in female goats (14.11%) while in male (13.4%), represented as Fasciola spp. in male (7.22%) and in female (6.13%), Dicrocoelium denderiticum in female (4.91%) and in male (1.03%). Paramphistomum cervi in male (5.15%) and in female (1.23%) but Schistosoma bovis was present only in females with percentage (1.84%).
Cestodes infection in female goats (6.75%) while in male goats (5.15%), including only two genera; Monezia spp. in female goats (6.13%) and in male (4.12%) while Avitellina centripunctata in male (1.03%) and in female (0.61%) of examined goats.
- Regarding nematode infection, they were detected in (19.59%) of male goats and (15.95%) in female, The most predominant nematodes in examined fecal samples, nematode larvae in female (7.36%) and in male (7.23%), strongyle spp. eggs in male (5.15%) and in female (4.29%), Ascaris vitulorum in male (4.12%) and in female (2.45%) while Trichuris ovis in male (3.09%) and in female (1.84%) of examined goats.
The infection rate with Eimeria spp. was highest in male (49.48%) than female (39.26%).
C - Regarding the location;
The present work was planned to study the prevalence of parasitic infection of goats in different locations in Assiut Governorate, for this purpose 100 fecal samples of goats were collected from North Assiut , the same number collected from South Assiut and 60 fecal samples collected from Middle Assiut represented as following:
- Middle Assiut (Manfalout) ; rate of infection 91.67% (single coccidia 26.67%, single helmiths 18.33%, mixed infection 23.33%, total coccidial infection 50% and total helminths infection 41.67%, the highest infection with helminths was represented with Fasciola spp. 13.3% while no infection reported with Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Avitellina centripunctata).
- North Assiut (Dairout) ; rate of infection 78% (single coccidia 25%, single helmiths 29%, mixed infection 12%, total coccidial infection 37% and total helminths infection 41%, the highest infection with helminths was represented with Nematode larvae 12% while no infection reported with Schistosoma bovis South Assiut (Sedfa); rate of infection 76% (single coccidia 36%, single helmiths 22%, mixed infection 9%, total coccidial infection 45% and total helminths infection 31%, the highest infection with helminths was represented with Strongyle spp.eggs 5% and Nematode larvae 5% while no infection reported with Schistosoma bovis D - Regarding seasonal variations; For studying the effect of seasonal variations on the incidence of parasitic infection in goats 139 fecal samples were collected in cold season (from December till March 2013) and 121 fecal samples were collected in hot season (from June till Septemper 2013) shown as following Concerning trematode infection, their total infection rate in cold season was (18%) and in hot season was (9.09%), Fasciola spp. in cold season (11.51%) and in hot season (83%), Dicrocoelium denderiticum in cold season (2.16 %) and in hot season (4.96 %), Paramphistomum cervi in cold season (2.16 %) and in hot season (3.31%) while according this study Schistosoma bovis present only in cold season with percentage (2.16%) of examined goats Rate infection of cestodes was (5.76 %) in cold season and (6.61%) in hot season represented by Monezia spp. in cold season (5.76%) and in hot season (4.9 %) but Avitellina centripunctata present in hot season only with percentage (1.65 %).<Regarding the seasonal distribution of nematodes in the present work noticed that: incidence of nematodes in cold season (15.83%) and in hot season (19.01%), Nematode larvae in cold season (7.91%) and in hot season (6.61%), Strongyle spp. eggs in cold season (1.44%) and in hot season (8.26%), Ascaris vitulorum in cold season (3.6%) and in hot season (2.48%) while Trichuris ovis in cold season (2.88%) and in hot season (1.65) in surveyed goats Eimeria spp. infection was high allover the year especially in hot season, it ranged from (38.85 %) in cold season to (47.93 %) in hot season. The results of post mortem examination For this study 30 digestive tracts were collected in the period from May 2014 to the end of September 2014 from Beni-Adi (Manfalout) Assiut Governorate, to investigate goats for helminth parasites. The species of helminths were recorded from the digestive tract, Fasciola spp. (F. hepatica, F. gigantica and F. hepatogigantica), Moniezia expansa, Avitellina centripunctata, Haemonchus spp. (H. contortus, H. placei and H. longistips), Trichostrongylus axei, Ostertagia ostertagia, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Skrjabinema ovis and two larval stage of cestodes Cysticercus tenuicollis, Hydatid cyst. The prevalence rate of the total helminths was 73.33 %. Dealing with trematodes, according to this study, only Fasciola spp. (F. hepatica, F. gigantica and F. hepatogigantica) were observed with higher prevalence rate 40%. Concerning the cestodes, in the present study, the prevalence rate 40%, represented by Moniezia expansa present with prevalence rate 6.7%, Avitellina centeripunctata which was recovered from 6.7% of surveyed goats, Cysticercus tenuicollis (20%) in mesentry and liver and Hydatid cyst detected in liver with perecent 6.7%.
Concerning the nematodes the prevalence rate was 53.3%. Represented by Haemonchus spp. (H. contortus, H. placei and H. longistips) was the most prevalent nematode species in this study with an infection rate of 16.7 %. H. placei and H. longistips not previously detected in Assiut Governorate, Trichostrongylus axei was 10%, Oesophagostomum venulosum 10%, Skrjabinema ovis 10%, Ostertagia Ostertagia 6.7%
Morphological characters of the detected helminth parasites were described in details through the use of naked eye appearance and ordinary microscopy. Moreover, different Haemonchus spp. were examind by the scanning electron microscope which added few cuticular ultrastructure similar in all species and detailed morphology of the male bursa and sexual spicules and female vulvar flaps, but SEM seems to be of limited value in differentiating the different species.