الفهرس 
مقدمة الد ا رسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Agriculture is the most important sector that bears the greatest burden in achieving comprehensive development as it is the primary source of exports and providing food to meet the growing needs of the population, it constitute the main source of income for many members of the community, therefore the agricultural sector has established many organizations that are interested in agriculture and rural development , including agricultural extension, which is one of the most important organizations that contribute to the promotion of agriculture and the welfare of rural people. To achieve this, agricultural extension depends on the participation of farmers in agricultural extension activities and education to bring about desirable behavioral changes in knowledge, skills and attitudes, . That will not happen without the participation of farmers in agricultural extension activities,Such participation, takes various forms such as attending meetings and seminars , collectmg information to donating money, giving advice, and contributing to the planning and implementation of agricultural extension programs, agricultural extension field guides and recycling of agricultural residues. Participation is of a great importance to the governments of developing countries and developed countries alike, But the size of the participation and effectiveness depends largely on the prevailing cultural context in which the living members of the communitive values and social norms, which constitute the moral aspect of culture have a significant impact on the participation of members of rural community in the agricultural extension activities. The change in the meterial aspects of culture much easier to change the non-neteriel aspects including social norms and values prevailing in society, the persistenee of Eonee cultural values is one of the major constraints facing the agricultural extension activities therefore agricultural exteusion activities have to be made consistent with the values norms desire and immediate needs of their clievts the participation of farmers in agricultural extension activities under the prevailing social norms is important in advancing the work of extension and to ensure its progress to word its objectives. The research problem identified in the agricultural the research problem of this study avas formulated in the follooing questins : ( 1) to what extent formers perceive agricultural extenesien activities and participate in those ( 2 ) to what extent farmer adhere to social norms (3)which norms offect partieipoler to agricultural extension activities (4 ) what arctlu abstacles to cipation in agricultural extension activities ( 5 ) what clients sugyert increase participation agriculturay extension activities. Based on the research problem the objectives of the research were:: 1- To identify the degree of participation of farmers in extension activities deating with Extension programs, extension fields and, waste recycling) and the sources of hearing about activities . 2 – to identify the differenus in personel social and economic variables detweer formers grouped according to participation in agricultural extension activities 3- to identify the degree to which participant and non participant farmers adhere to social norms 4- to assess the differeuces in adhering to social norms between farmers grouped according to participation in agricultural extension activities
5- to identify the motives of farmers to participate in agricultural extension activities
6- to identify obstoeles that prevent farmers frow participation in agricultural extension activities
7- to identify farmer ssuggestins to enhance participation in agricultural extension activities
Twenty social norms were considered four the study those norms were categoriyed five types as follows :
1- Economie norms including restricting farm wark to males mutual cosperation in farming growing local variates laud ownershy saving money and excessive sgending an smoking
2-familial norms including kinship belonging respecting the elderly having more kids¸ familial emotion, using informal settlement of disputes , early marriage, and in group marriage
3-religious norms inclding , religious adhereuw fatatism , satisfaction and Dpatky.
4- psycholoyical norms induding suspection extension dgent , witcheroft medical eare
5 – cultural norm of scieuticism
The study was conducted in Qalubia Governorate, selecting three district : Toukh, Benha and Shebeen El-Kanater were randomly selected were rendonely drawn from every sample district those villages are: Ajhor El-Kopra and Mitt-Kenana Toukh district, Shblnja Marsafa Benha district, and Kafr Shebeen, and Tahanop Shebeen El-Kanater district.
A startefied sample was drown from each sample village the first stratury ineluhed farmers who participated agricultural
Extension activities .this startuw was subdivided into three substrata occording to the type of activity ie extension progrms extension fields and woste sacycting A 3% sauple was drown from each substotuw yulding 74, 74 and 17 respondewely the second strotuw included all the onther lond holdies in the six sawple villages , of whicha sawple of 165 respsed, euts was drawn
Farmers respondents considered social norms and the degree of their participation in agricultural extension activities studied
The search results showed that
( 1 ) following: Age, educational level , family size , the size of land holding, size livestock, ownshie size of agricultural machinery, change, agent contrel membership of local organizations, visiting agricultural service centers , and contribution of family in agricultural work. Were found be related to participation in agricultural extension activities , h vl marital status, and mass media. Exposure were Related to participation in agricultural extension activities
( 2 )Agricultural Sooperative was first source of hearing about same agricultural extension activities , and villagers were the first source of hearing about others thus the agricultural cooperativeand the villagers occuyey the first two rouks followed by meetings , and the mosque , neiykbors , relatives and local leader the lost three sources of hearing about agricultural extension activities .
(3) the social norms of growing beal variates land ownership excesseve spending on smoving framily belonging respect of the elderly havingmore kids early marriage , religious adherence,feteusm , satisfaction , suspesim of the extension worker , and scremlicisw were found be related & participation in agricultural extension activities leut the ot5her social norms were not.
(4) the motives for participation agricultural extension activitiesare desire to increase agricultural desire for adopting vinovetions are desire for helping neiyhors desire to work for all farmers making new friends helping others working with friends idealefying new local probolews , identifying camwunity problews securing social approval achieving higher status gawing populety and gainrug social recpectin that order
(5) the obtacles that kinder participation in agricultural extension activities are recommendation cannot beeasily used the extension worker does not secure suitable places distrust of others uncertainty of the benefit of recommend atnos uncleor recommendations the extension worker cannot get inrtont contait with his cuperordinetes extension worker does not contet us in t he might time , extension worker does not help us assess our needs extension worker does not consider our potantials extension worker does not solve our problems in tearning recommendations extension worker does know our tradition , and extension worker does not talk our way ,in that Arles.
(6) means suggested to enhance participation in agricultural extension activities are securing pempketets about octurlies reactiwition of material motwes securing inputs securing Enimal ratesvs propt transfer of our problems rttendance of extension woker when pest infectim occurs extension worker clorifies rcommendatiw clearing cauls,zecuring cheap machine service riyht liming of doing extension fields extension worker follous up reciting work, nutual agent cliewt trust securing needed material for recycting securing freeschoppers and plosties,and securing woste recyeting inforation , in that order.