الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The incidence of perioperative ARF varies according to the
aetiology and definition , and type of surgery done; but for
all causes, renal failure is associated with mortality rates of 60-
90 %[1].
There has been a steady improvement over the last 40 years
in crude mortality statistics following cardiac surgery, in the face
of increasing numbers of higher risk patients[2]. This is primarily a
result of improvements in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
technology, operative technique and postoperative management[3].
However, the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) has not
changed over this time and renal dysfunction still affects a
significant number of patients in the perioperative period[4].
Plasma NGAL represents an early and reliable marker of
AKI following cardiac surgery, moreover, NGAL levels correlate
well with ICU stay and mortality, however, AKI is a complex
disorder for which currently there is no accepted definition.
Having a uniform standard for diagnosing and classifying
AKI would enhance our ability to manage these patients, yet
future clinical and translational research in AKI will require
collaborative networks of investigators drawn from various
disciplines, dissemination of information via multidisciplinary
joint conferences and publications, and improved translation of
knowledge from pre-clinical research.