الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Postoperative analgesia is very important due to its role in reduction of postoperative stress response [100], reduction in postoperative morbidity [101], improving surgical outcome [102], and facilitation of rehabilitation and surgical recovery [101] .
Peripheral regional anesthetic techniques such as transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block are considered an attractive alternative to central blocks [99].
The studies reported so far have utilized a bilateral TAP block for midline lower abdominal surgery and for Caesarean section using a landmark technique [91]. Hebbard and colleagues subsequently described an ultrasound-guided technique for the TAP block which they named the posterior TAP block [7].
The ‘blind’ TAP block technique is easy to perform and with few complications [1-3]. However, the triangle of Petit may be difficult to palpate in obese patients [103].
Accurate placement of the local anesthetic drug through the needle and the potential damage to adjacent structures are main concerns in any landmark-based regional anesthetic technique and thus the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. Ultrasound guided TAP block may improve both safety and block effectiveness as well as reduction of the complications (intra- peritoneal or intrahepatic injection) [104].
This study aimed at evaluating the postoperative analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in relation