الفهرس 
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Abstract
The contributions of natural products research to the quality of life are continually reinforced with the discovery of new and more effective drugs from natural origin. The broad aim of this thesis was to conduct a phytochemical and biological investigation of the plant Solanum elaeagnifolium, family: Solanaceae. The choice of the plant was based on its good biological screening study of Solanum elaeagnifolium plant to use as anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory. Additional aims include subjecting the extract, fractions and pure compounds to the bioassays to evaluate the potential use of this plant in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases.
The initial part of this work focused on evaluation of both the in-vivo and in-vitro of the biological activity of Solanum elaeagnifolium extract.
The different biological activities evaluated anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective for the total extract, which revealed variable although significant efficacy and potency for all most samples when compared to the appropriate standards, and suggest their incorporation in herbal formulations after necessary clinical trials. The highest potency was, in most cases, exhibited by the biological tests of Solanum elaegnifolium as anticancer and antioxidant.
The second part of the work focused on the DNA profiling of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. growing in Egypt which was amplified using ten decamer to reveal RAPD fragments. Each of the ten primers successfully directed the amplification of a genome-specific fingerprint of DNA fragment. The analysis of RAPD data can thus select the use of primers B-07 and E-05 for the selective discrimination of Solanum elaeagnifolium.
The third part of the work focused on large scale extraction of the plant with different solvents, followed by phytochemical investigation to determine the chemical nature of its constituents.Chromatographic analysis of lipoids by GC/MS for unsaponifiable matter revealed the percentage of total identified phytosterols was (11.34%), Gamasitosterol was prevailing in the plant of Solanum elaeagnifolium (5.36%). Meanwhile, Campesterol was detected in appreciable amounts in the plant (about 3.72%) and Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol (about 2.25%). Squalene was found as triterpene compound in the plant (1.59%). Concerning hydrocarbons, Heptacosane was the predominant hydrocarbon in the investigated sample amounting to (7.96%). In the other hand,GC analysis of fatty acid methyl ester derivatives concluded that the major fatty acid constituent in the plant Linoleic acid (6.27%), Oleic acid (5.66%) and Palmitic acid (5.63%).
The bioactivity-guided fractionations lead to the isolation of a new compound known as Iso -aromadendrin 3-O-α-D-glucopyranoside-6``-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-6```-p-hydroxy benzoate, alongside with kaempferol-3-(6``-coumaroyl glucoside) was isolated for the first time from the plant by the way five compounds were isolated β-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Kaempferol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β–D-glucoside (first reported) and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isoquercetin) (first reported). Potential anticancer activities of the isolated compounds were measured by the Sulpho-Rhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The anticancer activity of kaempferol-3-(6``-coumaroyl glucoside) and Iso-aromadendrin 3-O-α-D-glucopyranoside-6``-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-6```-p-hydroxy benzoate were significantly enhanced in the liver cancer cell line by 25.6 and 19.4µg/ml respectively and in the breast cancer cell line by 3.8 and 4.1µg/ml respectively compared to the control drug as Cisplatin.
Key Words: Solanum elaeagnifolium- Iso-aromadendrin 3-O-α-D-glucopyr- anoside-6``-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-6```-p-hydroxybenzoate- kaempferol-3-(6`` -coumaroyl glucoside)- anticancer- antioxidant activities.
Aim of work
Plants have provided the largest number of new natural products many of which have interesting biomedical potential. The plants of genera Solanum were a very rich source of valuable natural products that have been isolated from them for treatments of different diseases; there for, this study was designed to fulfill:
1. Collection of the plant material from Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.
2. DNA Profiling of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
3. Biological screening of the Solanum elaeagnifolium extract.
4. Bioactivity-guided fractionations to isolate of activecompounds using different chromatographic techniques.
5. Identification and structure elucidation of the isolated compounds, using 1D, 2D NMR studies and MS measurements.