الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Present Work Aimed At Studying The Value Of P53 Expression, Apoptotic Index, And DNA Ploidy As Potential Prognostic Markers In Osteosarcoma Of Bone, Which Can Stratify Patients At Diagnosis Into High- And Low-Risk Subgroups. At The Present Time, The Ability To Predict Prognosis At Diagnosis In Non-Metastatic Osteosarcoma Is Limited. It Would Thus Be Useful To Identify Important Prognostic Biologic Factors So That Therapy Can Be Optimized from The Beginning Of Treatment, In order To Limit Potential Late Effects To High-Risk Patients And To Determine The Minimum Amount Of Therapy Necessary For Low-Risk Patients. Out Of 80 Newly Diagnosed Primary Osteosarcomas Presenting To The National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University Between January 1997 And December 1999, 42 Patients Constituted .The Basis For This Retrospective Study. Eligibility Criteria Included Patients With Conventional Central (High Grade) Osteosarcomas Based On The Recent WHO Classification (Schajowicz, 1995), And Stage IIB Tumors According To. The Staging System By Enneking, (19i > 6). The Exclusion Criteria Included: Metastatic Disease At Presentation, Low Grade Histologic Types Of Osteosarcoma, Extraskeletaf Osteosarcoma. Unavailable Pretreatment Pathologic Material, Unavailable Complete Hospital Records, Patients Lost To Follow-Up, Or Patients Refusing Chemotherapy. In Total, 16 Patients Did Not Receive Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Prior To Surgery, While 26 Received Both Pre .And Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment. Chemotherapy Consisted Mainly Of Doxorubicin And/Or Cisplatin And/Or Ifosfamide (High Dose) And/Or Methotrexate (High Dose). The Forms Of Surgical Intervention Were Limb-Saving In 20 Patients And Amputation In 22 Patients. The Hospital Records And Pathology Reports Of The Patients Were Reviewed For The Case History Of Every Patient, Full Clinical And Radiological Data, Laboratory Values Of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) And Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Treatment Details, And Treatment Outcome (Chemotherapy-Induced Necrosis) In Cases With Unavailable Post-Treatment Pathologic Material After Definitive Surgery.