الفهرس 
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Abstract
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite and it is the most spread microsporidian species in animals and humans causing a disease called encephalitozoonosis. The present study investigated the prevalence of E. cuniculi in different animal hosts from different provinces of Egypt (Alexandria, Behera and Assuit) using serological (IFAT and ELISA) and molecular (PCR) assays. A total of 324 serum and 274 urine samples were collected from seven different species of animals (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goat, rabbit, dog and rat). The results of serological examination confirmed the occurrence of antibodies against E. cuniculi in 38.9 % (126 out of 324) of the examined animals. The significant (P < 0.01) highest positivity was observed in goats (67%) followed by buffaloes, rabbits, dogs, rat and cattle (46.42, 41, 40, 36.2 and 28.1%, respectively) while the least was recorded in sheep (9%). Behera province showed the highest (P < 0.01) infection rate (40.68 %) followed by Alexandria and Assuit provinces (39.2 and 22.73 %, respectively). The infection rate was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in females (45.34%) than in males (30.47%). Positive cases were observed in all age categories. The highest infection rate (64.66%) was recorded in the age group 1-5 year and the least was recorded in the age group < 1 year (34.85%).On the other hand, only five positive out of 274 urine samples (1.82%) were detected by PCR. Our study provides a wide database on prevalence and epidemiology of an ignored parasite (E. cuniculi) for the first time in Egypt.