الفهرس 
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Abstract
Extraction of three enzyme inhibitors from legume seeds and studying their kinetics. These inhibitors are: α-amylase inhibitor extracted from white kidney bean seeds, trypsin inhibitor and lipase inhibitor from soybean seeds. Also studying the effect of α-amylase inhibitor on levels of blood glucose, liver functions and lipid profile.Methods & Results:•Preliminary phytochemical examination of the three crude extracts showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and glycosides.Protein concentration was determined in the crude extracts and was147.2 mg/ml for α-amylase inhibitor extract, 13.45 mg/ml for trypsin inhibitor extract and 41.58 mg/ml for the lipase crude extract.The activity of α-amylase inhibitor (extracted from white kidney bean) was determined using different volumes of the inhibitor containing different concentrations of protein. Results showed that 100 % inhibition occurred when 600 µl (containing 104.5 mg protein) of crude extract used, while 19% inhibition occurred when 100 µl (17.42 mg protein) of crude extract was used. The IC50 was 281.79 µl (containing 49.1 mg protein).Obtained data revealed that α-amylase inhibited by α-amylase inhibitor non-competitively. Values of Km were: 5.00 mg and 6.60 mg, for human saliva and porcine pancreatic α-amylases, respectively. While Vmax values were: 1.805, 0.811, and 0.522 µM/ml/min, for human saliva α-amylase, and were: 0.817, 0.479 and 0.307 µM/ml/min, for porcine pancreatic α-amylase.The activity of trypsin inhibitor (extracted from soybean seeds) was determined. Trypsin inhibitor activity is expressed in terms of units inhibited (TUI), which was 142.5 TUI/mg dry sample.Type of inhibition for trypsin enzyme was non-competitive.Activity of lipase enzyme was determined using different substrate concentrations in the presence and absence of lipase inhibitor (extracted from soybean seeds). Results showed that the activity of the enzyme increases as the concentration of the substrate increase in the absence of the inhibitor, i.e. when 1.61 mM of the substarte was used the activity of the enzyme was 2.17 µmole/ ml enzyme/ min. While the activity increases to 4.76 µmole/ ml enzyme/ min when 5.80 mM of the substrate was used, with a percentage of 119.35%. The inhibitory mode of lipase inhibitor was determined and it seems to be a non-competitive inhibitor.Treatment of diabetic rats (injected with 4.5 mg/100g streptozotocin) with α-amylase inhibitor extracted from white kidney bean seeds for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days leads to a reduction in blood glucose level, compared with diabetic-untreated group . Values of blood glucose level were 278, 182, 146 and 133 mg/dl for the periods of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, for the treated group, respectively.
•Treatment diabetic animals with a (0.75 ml, containing 130.65 mg protein) of crude extract of α-amylase inhibitor reduced the levels of triglyceride with different values, compared to diabetic control group, but still higher than values of healthy control group.
•Diabetic animals group, as control, showed significant increase in total cholesterol when compared to healthy group.
•Levels of HDL-cholesterol were increased when diabetic animals treated with α-amylase inhibitor extract. High levels for LDL-cholesterol values were detected for non treated diabetic animals, their values were: 69.0, 68.0, 70.0 and 74.0 mg/dl for the periods of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively. These values were decreased to be 65.83, 60.25, 57.40 and 54.50 mg/dl as a result of treatment diabetic animals with α-amylase inhibitor extract for the periods of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively.
•Also, the values of ALT and AST were increased in the treated diabetic animals after 28 days, compared with the healthy group.
Conclusion
from pervious data it could be concluded that using of natural sources as chemotherapy, pestisides and herbisides extracted from plants more save than synthetic chemical compounds. α-Amylase inhibitor, trypsin inhibitor and lipase inhibitor are a good example for treatment: hypoglycaemia and obesity.