الفهرس 
Introduction
Historical review on leadOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of both catechin and EDTA (CaNa2EDTA) in the treatment of long-term Pb toxicity through assessment of hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes in blood and brain tissues.
Eighty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (20 each). Group 1 (G1) was left without any treatment as negative control group. The other 3 groups (G2, G3, & G4) were exposed to Pb acetate in drinking water at a concentration of 30 ppm for 12 weeks. G2 was left without any treatment as positive control. G3 was divided into 3 subgroup A, B & C was treated with (+)-catechin in drinking water at a concentration of 49 ppm for 7 days after 1, 2 and 3 month from Pb exposure, respectively. G4 was also divided into 3 subgroup A, B & C which treated with calcium disodium EDTA in dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, IP for five days after 1, 2 & 3 month of Pb exposure. At the dead time of treatment for each group, rats were anesthetized with ether and killed for blood and brain tissue collection. The investigated parameters were hematological picture, biochemical parameters, metals levels (lead, copper and iron) and histopathological observation by light microscope.
The obtained results of RBCs, HCT, Hb, MCV and MCH showed significant decrease in G2. In rats of G3 and G4 which treated with catechin and CaNa2EDTA, respectively these parameters significantly increased but MCV and MCH values not improved in rats of CaNa2EDTA group. Moreover, a significant decrease in counts of WBCs, lymphocyte, granulocyte and monocyte were found in rats of G2 and these changes were improved in rats of G3 and G4. The levels of NO and
Summary
LPO were increased, however GSH level and SOD activity were decreased in rats of G2. These changes were ameliorated in rats of G3 and G4. However, CAT activity showed no significant change in brain and decreased in serum of G2 rats, but showed significant increase in brain of G4 than G3 in the 1st month of treatment and showed no improvement in CAT activity in serum of G3 and G4. In brain tissue G6PD activity showed no significant difference in G2, however, in G3 and G4 revealed significant increase at 1st and 2nd month. In addition, G6PD activity increased in serum of G2 rats. However, in G3 and G4 was decreased at 2nd and 3rd month and increase it at 1st month. Activity of AChE in brain tissue was decreased in G2 but increased in rats of G3 and G4.
Level of Pb in brain and blood was significantly increased in G2 in comparison to G1 and decreased in G3 and G4 rats in comparison with G2 rats. However, Cu level was decreased in brain in G2 rats and increased in G3 and G4. Although in blood no significant difference in Cu concentration in G2 but increased in G3 at 2nd and 3rd month and G4 at 1st and 3rd month. Concentration of Fe in was increased in blood and decreased in brain of G2, these changes were reversed in G3 and G4.
Histopathological examination of brain tissue in lead exposed rats showing degeneration of neurons, demylination, congestion and degeneration of blood vessels. In rats which treated with CaNa2EDTA showing normal appearance of neurons with mild congestion in blood vessels at 1st and 2nd month but in 3rd month revealed sever demylination and congestion. In group of catechin showed neuronal degeneration, demylination and congestion.
Summary
Conclusion: Exposure of male albino rats to Pb acetate results in hematological and biochemical changes in blood and brain. These changes were associated with histopathological changes in brain that differ according to period of exposure for Pb. Treatment of rats with catechin and CaNa2EDTA lead to improvement in previous changes with the priority of catechin in improvement of NO and LPO, and for CaNa2EDTA in improvement of antioxidant status, Pb level and the histopathological changes.