الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Anatomic ACL reconstruction was believed to be the key point for the success of the operation. Accurate tunnel placement is essential in reconstruction of the ACL Transtibial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction failed to accurately place femoral and tibial tunnels within the native anterior cruciate ligament insertion site. ACL reconstruction can be done either by double bundle or single bundle ACL reconstruction The overall clinical outcomes of single-bundle ACL reconstructions have been satisfactory with restoration of the anteroposterior knee stability in most patientsthe major potential advantage of anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction lies in a superior restoration of the rotational knee stability however this method of reconstruction is sophisticated Anatomical placement of the tunnels of ACL in single-bundle method can be done by using two methods either by using the native foot print of ACL in the femoral site by placement the center of the ACL femoral tunnel at a shallow-deep position in 50% of the determined length of the ACL femoral attachment site. The high-low placement of the ACL femoral tunnel should be half-way between top and the bottom of the footprint; while the tibial tunnel should be at the center of the foot print of the tibial attachment site. The second method for anatomical placement of femoral tunnels is using the intercondylar ridge and the lateral bifurcate ridge. The center of the ACL femoral tunnel should be located at anatomic ACL femoral tunnel placement since the ACL femoral attachment site always lies below or inferior to the intercondylar ridge at the center of the bifurcate ridge. While in the double-bundle method; the anatomical placement of the tunnels is done by placement of the tunnels in the native foot prints of the AM and PL of the ACL tibial and femoral attachment sites.