الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 113 |  |  |
| | | from | 113 | | |
Abstract
The present study was conducted at Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, and department of Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University. The experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of partial substitution (25 or 50%) of soybean meal with different some medicinal seed meals as the sources for plant protein; [rocket (Eruca sativa), fenugreek (Tigonella foenum-graecum) and mustard (Brasica jumcae)] in the diets; on the performance of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits during the growing period. The present work included two main parts. The first part started from weaning (5 weeks of age) until 13 weeks of age to investigate the effects of different experimental rations on growth performance, digestibility of different nutrients, and some blood constituents. Economic efficiency was also calculated. The second part of the study (13 weeks of age) was conducted to investigate the effects of different experimental diets on carcass traits and internal organs (heart, liver, kidneys and gliblets) A total number of Eighty four weanling New Zealand White male rabbits at 5 weeks of age with an average initial live body weight 608 + 7.56 g were randomly allotted to eleven seven groups 12 for each in 3 replicates based on body weight. At the 4th week of the experiment . metabolism trials were conducted by using 4 male rabbits from each group. At 13th week of age, all of rabbits were slaughtered to estimate dressing percentages, offal weights and carcass characteristics. Seven different rations were used in the present study. Diet 1 was used as control and containing 12% soybean meal as a main source of protein. In the other six diets rocket (RM), fenugreek (FM) and mustard (MM), were used to replace 25% (a) or 50% (b) of soybean meal protein in the control diet. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and had nearly equal level of CF to meet the NRC (1977) rabbit nutrients requirements for growth. The diets were executed and pelleted of 5 mm diameter at a commercial feed factory of Atmida, Meet Ghamr, Dakahlia Governorate. The feed ingredients of each diet ground, weighted mixed well and pressed into pellets of 5 mm diameter .All diets were adequately supplement with vitamin and mineral premix. Experimental rations used were as follows: T1: Containing 12% soybean meal (Control ration). T2: Containing 25% rocket seed meal. T3: Containing 50% rocket seed meal. T4: Containing 25% fenugreek seed meal. T5: Containing 50% fenugreek seed meal. T6: Containing 25% mustard seed meal. T7: Containing 50% mustard seed meal. Feed intake, weight gain, feed intake, digestibility trials and economic efficiency, besides, (some blood parameters, carcass trials and caecal activities were also estimated). The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Digestibility Trial: - digestion coefficients of most nutrients and the nutritive values were significantly (P<0.05) improved in the groups fed 25 or 50% RSM and FSMdiet as compared with control. SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION Introduction 76 - The nutritive values of the experimental diets as TDN were the highest for diet contained 25% mustared meal (62.03%) followed by diet contained rocket 25% meal (61.04%), However they were significantly higher (P<0.05) than other groups or control group (59.44%). - The nutritive value of the experimental diets as DCP were the highest for diet contained 25% mustared meal (13.22%) followed by diet contained rocket 50% meal (12.98%), However they were significantly higher (P<0.05) than other groups or control group (12.28%). - The values of TDN increased by (4.85 and 4.52%) for RSM, (4.44 and 4.43%) for FSM and (1.80%) for 50% MSM. The DCP improvement was (9.13 and 2.04%) for RSM, (2.44 and 7.25%) for FSM, respectively. - The rabbits fed 25% rocket or fenugreek containing diets showed the highest values for digested-N (1.44 and 1.04 g/h/d, respectively, and Nbalance was 0.62 and 0.75 g/h/d for the same diets. While those fed 50% rocket or mustared containing diets had the lowest values for N-digested (1.25 and 1.21 g/h/d, respectively. Feeding Trial: - Daily DM, TDN intake and energy intake of rabbits fed 25 and 50%% RSM or FSM diets showed significantly (P<0.05) higher values than those of the other diets. - Replacing RSM, FSM or MSM by 25 or 50% in rabbit diets grew faster by (9.85 and 4.58%) for RSM, 3.36 and 7.56%for FSM and 1.23% for 25% MSM than control group. The diets containing 25 and 50% medicinal seed meals showed better (P<0.05) values of feed conversion than the control diet. - The performance index results of rabbits fed rations with 25 and 50% of RSM, FSM and MSM showed significantly (P<0.05) higher values than those fed the diets containing 25% FSM, MSM and control. - Economical efficiency, expressed as feed cost per one kg weight gain of rabbits fed diets containing RSM (35.28 and 33.04); FSM were, (31.92 and 34.16) and MSM were, (31.36and 28.34 L.E../kg, weight gain, respectively, while the corresponding values were, 30.07 L.E./kg gain for the control group. - Relative economical efficiency% of rabbits fed diets containing RSM (160 and 147); FSM were, (137 and 150) and MSM were, (128 and 108), respectively, compare with those fed the control diet. Blood Parameters: A.Aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) exhibited insignificant activities in rabbits fed diets containing two levels (25 or 50%) of RSM, FSM or MSM which reflect a better function of liver. B.Serum total protein were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the present of rocket, fenugreek and mustard seed meal in rabbit diets. C.Serum albumin values were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the present of rocket, fenugreek and mustard seed meal in rabbit diets. D.Serum globulin values of rabbits fed diets containing rocket, fenugreek or mustared meals had (P<0.05) higher values than control group. E. Significantly (P<0.05) increase of serum urea-N levels in rabbits fed diets containing 25 and 50% RSM, FSM or MSM within the normal range. F. Rabbits fed diets containing 25 and 50% RSM, FSM or MSM showed slightly lower serum total lipids than that fed control diet. G.Rabbits fed diets containing 25 and 50% RSM, FSM or MSM showed slightly lower serum cholesterol values than those fed the other diets. SLAUGHTER TRAIT : The data of slaughtered rabbits could be summarized as the following : a. Hot carcass weight and dressing percentages were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the 25 and 50% RSM, FSM or 25% MSM groups than those of the control and 50% MSM groups. b. Average dressing percentages based on empty body weight were: 56.45 and 55.40% for 25 and 50% RSM; 55.60 and 55.44% for 25 and 50% FSM and 53.18 and, 52.96% for MSM respectively, while it was 53.24% for control diet. c. Average of caecal activity parameters for control, 25% RSM, 50% RSM, 25%FSM, 50%FSM, 25%MSM and 50% MSM, respectively could be summarized as the following : d. Caecum weight% were: 9.06, 10.05, 10.02, 10.04, 10..02, 10.01 and 9.24%. e. Caecum length were: 10.12, 13.68, 13.54, 12.92, 13.15, 12.54 and 12.02 cm. f. pH values were : 7.63, 6.91, 7.02 , 6.93, 6.86, 6.83 and 7.07. g. Total VFA ‘S values were: 3.14, 4.27, 4.34, 4.22, 4.12, 4.16 and 3.75 mq/100 ml caecal juice. from the previous results, it could be concluded that: 1. Seed meals of rocket, fenugreek and mustard could be used successfully to partialy subistitution of soybean meal as the source of protein and improve digestibilities coefficients of all their nutrients. 2. Further studies are needed to simplefy the methdology of get rid of antinutrional factors that containing these meals on a large scale to be easly applied and practiced by animal holders for improving the nutritive value of their quality as a low cost treatment. 3. Replacing of oil seed meals with soybean meal improved its feed quality and in consequence animal performance. 4.from an economic point of view, it was recommended to feed growing rabbits on a mixed diets containing rocket, fenugreek and mustard seed meals up to 50% of soybean meal, since it was more efficient utilized by growing rabbits and being more economic one in compare with traditional diets. It could be concluded that, feeding diets containing rocket, fenugreek and mustard seed meals up to 50% of soybean meal, resulted in superior nutrition status and better daily gain, feed conversion and economical efficiency, as compared with control group. Also, it affected the blood parameters, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage were noticed in oil seed meals groups, as compared with control group could be recommended. It could be concluded that substitution of rocket, fenugreek and mustard seed meals up to 50% of soybean meal in the diet of NZW rabbits had good results without adverse effects on growth performance.