الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of disease in poultry such diseases compromise animal welfare and cause economic loss through death, reduced productivity on the farm, and carcass condemnations at the processing plant. Poultry meat is a common vehicle of food borne illness, S. aureus usually being one of the causes of outbreaks involving large number of peoples and enterotoxin-producing S. aureus is the most common cause of food-borne human illness throughout the world.
The objective of this study was to achieve accurate and rapid identification of S. aureus that is crucial to the control of its infections and minimizing its leakage to the food chain. To achieve our goals the following points were investigated:
1. A total of 318 different samples from diseased and apparently healthy chickens were collected to be examined. Those were form cloacal swabs, tracheal swabs, nasal swabs, joints, liver, lungs, heart blood, ovaries and foot abscesses.
2. One hundred sixty four Staphylococcal isolates were recovered from 318 samples collected from different types of chickens with a percentage of 51.6% (164/318). 22.6% of the isolates were coagulase positive S. aureus (37/164).
3. C.P. S. aureus recovered from 26% (13/50) of diseased layer chickens, 18.9% (10/53) diseased broiler chickens, 25% (8/32) of layer farms (apparently healthy) and 20.7% (6/29) of broiler farms (apparently healthy).
4. C.P. S. aureus isolates were highly recovered from joints with an incidence of 38% followed by Liver (8/31) 25.8%, cloacal swabs (7/28) 25%, nasal swabs (4/17) 23.5%, ovaries (2/10) 20%, tracheal swabs (3/16) 18.75%, lungs (4/27) 14.8% and heart blood (1/9) 11.1% respectively while no C.P. S. aureus was isolated from foot abscesses.
5. Antimicrobial Sensitivity test by using 12 antibiotic discs revealed different percentage of sensitivity with the highest sensitivity were to vancomycin, amoxicillin + clavulinic acid and cephalothin by percentage of 84.5%, 83.8% and 78.4% respectively while the highest resistance were to the ampicillin, oxacillin and penicillin by percentage of 75.7%, 73% and 70.2% respectively and
6. Real Time PCR assay was applied for detection of S. aurues specific gene have been directed to the (nuc) gene encoding thermostable nuclease. The findings from the present study showed that the (nuc) gene was expressed in all examined S. aureus by amplification at CT value 19, 20 and 21 while the negative one has no amplification. This result obtained within few hours, which is faster than the conventional bacteriological technique.
7.Melting curves analysis were visualized using the Stratagen MX3005 with melting temperature (Tm) values at 76–77oC were positive for Staphylococcus strains.