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Abstract Throughout history, there has been a continual battle between humans and the microorganisms that cause infection and disease. With respect to bacterial pathogens, they have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to environmental parameters. In particular, the increasing use of antimicrobials over the past few decades has led to the emergence and spread of various mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens (Tenover, 2006). Various pathogens have emerged that exhibit resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents and have the property to disseminate in the hospital environment, causing nosocomial infections, or to spread in cases of infection acquired in the community. Few papers have examined endemic antimicrobial resistance in Egypt, in particularly the occurrence and resistance patterns of specific respiratory and enteric pathogens (Haberberger, Jr. et al., 1994; Ostroff et al., 1996; El-Kholy A. et al., 2003). This review attempts to evaluate recent therapeutic options available for the treatment of resistant infections and the progress being made in terms of discovery and development of the next generation of combination antimicrobials that will be relied upon for treating such infections in the next decade. Aim of work: The aim of the work is to spotlight the recent antimicrobial combinations and presents a brief overview of the problem of resistance to antimicrobial agents. More importantly, is to show the recent therapeutic advances available for fighting resistant microorganisms. Throughout history, there has been a continual battle between humans and the microorganisms that cause infection and disease. With respect to bacterial pathogens, they have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to environmental parameters. In particular, the increasing use of antimicrobials over the past few decades has led to the emergence and spread of various mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens (Tenover, 2006). Various pathogens have emerged that exhibit resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents and have the property to disseminate in the hospital environment, causing nosocomial infections, or to spread in cases of infection acquired in the community. Few papers have examined endemic antimicrobial resistance in Egypt, in particularly the occurrence and resistance patterns of specific respiratory and enteric pathogens (Haberberger, Jr. et al., 1994; Ostroff et al., 1996; El-Kholy A. et al., 2003)This review attempts to evaluate recent therapeutic options available for the treatment of resistant infections and the progress being made in terms of discovery and development of the next generation of combination antimicrobials that will be relied upon for treating such infections in the next decade.Aim of work: The aim of the work is to spotlight the recent antimicrobial combinations and presents a brief overview of the problem of resistance to antimicrobial agents. More importantly, is to show the recent therapeutic advances available for fighting resistant microorganisms.Throughout history, there has been a continual battle between humans and the microorganisms that cause infection and disease. With respect to bacterial pathogens, they have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to environmental parameters. In particular, the increasing use of antimicrobials over the past few decades has led to the emergence and spread of various mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens (Tenover, 2006).The capacity of microorganisms to acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents has surpassed our imagination. In some cases, antimicrobial agents formerly effective are no longer useful. S. aureus is the resistant bacterium most familiar in the clinical setting. This bacterium rapidly acquired resistance to sulfonamides when they were in use. Penicillin was initially effective to this microorganism, but resistant strains that produce penicillinase increased in the 1950s. Therefore, penicillinase stable methicillin was developed in 1960. However, as early as the following year, 1961, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was isolated in the UK. In the latter half of the 1990s, vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) was reported in Japan. On the other hand, vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) reported in the US |