الفهرس 
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Abstract
The possibility that caffeine is a C.N.S. stimulant has neuroendocrinological effect on the pituitary, adrenal and thyroid gland on a short- & long- term consumption has been studied.
91 male adult Sprage - Dawely rats (200-250 gm.) were used & divided into groups: control group and caffeinated group that were injected I/P with different doses of caffeine (5, 50 (ED50) and 100 mg/kg b. wt.) for short-term period (2hr, 4hr and 24hr) and long-term period (1 month). Specimens of glands were collected and processed for histological, histochemical, ultrastructure study. Blood samples were collected for physiological analysis of T3, T4 and corticosterone.
Examination of control group and groups receiving caffeine at dose level 5 mg/kg b. wt. for a short period revealed no significance changes in the histological architecture of the glands while groups that receiving 50 &100 mg/kg b. wt. caffeine for a short term showed hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the adenohypophyseal cells but after long term consumption the basophils became enlarged, pale stained and showed degranulation with prominent negative Golgi image while acidophils showed prominent hyperplasia. Cells of zona glomerulosa, fasiculata & reticularis showed sever hyperplasia and hypertrophy with presence of light cells especially rats received 100mg/kg.b.wt. for 2hrs. and 1month.Thyroid follicles showed marked changes in the follicular structure with colloid, containing peripheral vacuoles & some desqumated cells, showed different degree of activity.
Our results suggested that consumption of caffeine at high doses for long term periods has a harmful effect on the health of animals.