الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nosocomial infection is defined as an infection occurring in a patient during the process of care in a hospital or other health-care facility that was not manifest or incubating at the time of admissionwithin 48 hours of hospital admission, 3 days of discharge or 30 days of an operation. It also includes occupational infections among facility staff.
Health-care-associated infections (HAIs) is a major global safety concern for both patients and health-care professionals.The magnitude of the problem is more in developing countries than developed countries due to poor hygiene and sanitation, lack of basic equipment, inadequate infrastructure, overcrowding and malnutrition which play an important role in increasing the risk of infection.In Egypt, limited data exist on the morbidity, mortality and costs associated with nosocomialinfections. This can be explained by the lack of established surveillance activities, poor registration of infections and unclear case definition.
Infection prevention and control measures aim to protection of those who might be vulnerable to acquiring an infection both in the general community and while receiving care due to health problems, in a range of settings.
Infection control program include the following: a) surveillance based on systematic data collection to identify infections, subsequent analysis of data and timely dissemination of results to persons who require the data to make improvements, b) system for detection, investigation and control of health care-associated outbreaks, c) sterilization/disinfection of equipment and supplies, d) basic measures for infection control, i.e. standard precautions &additional precautions, e) education and training of health care workers f) protection of health care workers, e.g. immunization and g) control antibiotic usage.
The aims of this work were toassure standardized performance of all operations procedures in surgical departments in Benha University Hospital andfind out obstacles and defects that prevent physicians and nurses working in surgical departments from adherence to infection control guidelines.
The specific objectives of this study were; i) assessment of infection control awareness and practices in surgical departments in Benha University Hospitals, ii) finding association between infection control awareness and practices in surgical departments in Benha University Hospitals, iii)assessment different environmental aspects in surgical departments in Benha University Hospitals, iii) finding association between different environmental aspects and practices in surgical departments in Benha University Hospitals and iv) recommending infection control program.
This study was a cross-sectional study carried out by self- administeredquestionnaire on medical group and nursing group working in surgical departments in Benha University Hospitalsover the period from the first of Februaryto the end of May 2014to collect detailed information on personal and job characteristics and the following infection control knowledge domains: the general concept of Infection Control (IC) and Standard Precautions (SPs), hand hygiene, Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs), sharp disposal and sharp injuries and the care of Health Care Workers(HCWs). Also, information on the commitments of HCWs to infection control practices and hospital environment was collected using an observational checklist.
The results of this study showed that total of 176 physicians and 115 nurses were included. The majority of the medical group and nursing group had never trained on SPs for IC (~98% and 76.5% respectively). Knowledge scores and practices of IC precautions were generally low. Male physicians with work experience >10years had higher knowledge scores for sharp disposal and sharp injuries compared to the females and those with lower experience (P=0.02). There were highly significant correlation between the age of physicians and scores for IC and SPs and sharp disposal and sharp injuries (P<0.001). The nursing group had higher scores for IC and SPs, sharp disposal and sharp injuries and the total score compared to the medical group (P<0.001). However, the medical group had higher scores for PPEs (P=0.003) and care of HCWs (P<0.001).The majority61.9% and 75.7% of the studied medical group and nurses respectively correctly answered the main goal of infection control. Most of the medical group and nurses had the misconception that needles should be recapped after usingand needle stick and sharp injuries need to be reported.Almost all of studied group stated that a health provider acquire HIV infection after needle-stick.
The medical group practiced hand hygiene and used PPEs more often than nurses, however nurses were more likely to use N95 respirator (P<0.001) and change gloves between tasks (P<0.001). Environmental requirements for infection control were fairly detected in different department except for the design of the area for health care which fulfilled only 44.4% of the requirements. The emergency department had the least requirements for safe care (~80%). There were no significant correlation regarding any knowledge and practice scores regarding medical group and nurses.
So it can be concluded that the overall knowledge scores and commitment to SPs were poor among medical group and nurses reflect the insufficient and ineffective training received by them. However, the work environment within the different surgical departments were nearly adequate to maintain safe care.
It was recommended with continuous medical education on IC precautions together withestablishment of a rigid system for monitoring and supervision, constructing a good surveillance system,prediction, investigation and control of any outbreak happened in the hospital, improvement the effectiveness, efficiency of IC unit and the fulfilment and the maintenance of the physical environmental requirements for infection control practices would benefit both HCWs and patients.