الفهرس 
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Abstract
VLBW neonates account for majority of high risk newborns as they face a large number of problems. Neonatal morbidity and mortality is on increase day by day due to lack of the available resources in developing countries. This can be reduced by proper and timely intervention.
For better neonatal care and prevention of the preventable causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, this study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in pediatric Minia University hospital in order to identify the risk factors and outcome of VLBW neonates.
The study conducted on 224 VLBW neonates admitted in NICU in pediatric Minia University hospital (birth weight from 1000 to 1500 grams). Data collected include: history (gestational age, sex, birth weight, type of delivery (vaginal or caesarian section), maternal illness and history of previous pregnancies). Examination(apgar scores at 0 , 5 , 10 minutes, vital signs, modified Ballard score, Moro reflex, suckling reflex, systemic examination (cardiac , chest , abdominal examination). Laboratory study (random blood sugar, complete blood count, renal function test, liver function test, C - reactive protein, serum electrolytes, coagulation profile). Radiological study (chest x-ray, abdominal sonography, abdominal x-ray in erect position).
VLBW infants accounted for 9.5% of the total admissions and a majority (55%) of all deaths in the unit. Of all 224 VLBW neonates, there were 107 deaths (47.8%) and 117 survivals (52.2%).
The most common fetal risk factor of VLBW neonates was multiple pregnancy (22.7%). Maternal risk factors of VLBW neonates were low educational status (88.9%), inadequate antenatal care (88%), maternal illness (74.5%), maternal age ≤20 years and ≥35 years (71.5%) and Caesarean section (64.8%).
The most common cause of death is neonatal sepsis followed by respiratory distress syndrome. Survivability correlated significantly with birth weight and gestational age. Birth weight from 1,000 to 1,249gm , gestational age≤30 weeks, apgar score at 5min <5 , need for ventilation and congenital heart disease were statically significant neonatal risk factors of mortality rate of VLBW neonates.
Low educational status, out born neonates, inadequate antenatal care, primigravida, maternal age ≤20 years and ≥35 years, history of previous abortion, preeclampsia, ant partum hemorrhage, and premature rupture of membrane were statically significant maternal risk factors of mortality rate of VLBW neonates.