الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
This study aimed to : Genetic diseases caused by mutations, which is a change in a sequence. Mutations may be occurs at the level of the gene is typically point mutations, such as sickle cell anemia and hemophilia. On the other hand, mutations may be occurred at the level of chromosome leading to changes in chromosome structure. Some of them include ; translocation, deletion, duplication and inversion. A chromosomal mutations that causes individuals to have an abnormal number of chromosomes is termed aneuploidy which may happen during meiosis or mitosis. This may occurred at the level of sex chromosomes leading to Klinefelter and Turner syndromes. If non disjunction chromosomes happened at the level of autosomal chromosomes, it shall leading to Down, Edward and Patau syndromes or other syndromes. chromosomal problems caused spontaneous abortion which make the baby impossible to develop. Amniocentesis was used to diagnosis abnormal chromosome numbers to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Scientists tried to apply the technique of genetic engineering in treatment of some genetic diseases resulted from point mutations, such as diabetes and hemophilia, while the other diseases arised from changes in chromosome numbers were difficult to treat via gene therapy.