الفهرس 
Describing Model ComponentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Piles are customarily used to resist vertical load. However, in some cases, piles
also are used to carry lateral load such as wind force or earthquakes or loads that
result from structures which adjacent to excavation sites (retaining piles).These
retaining piles are used to support excavation and resist earth pressure. These piles
consider the easiest method for preventing earth pressure when we start excavation in
new site. Also, in addition to these concrete retaining piles bentonite piles can be
used to forbid water comes in the excavated site.
Few researches has been done to study effect of spacing between the piles,
diameters, embedment length and also piles head fixation ;( either it’s fixed or free).
This research is planned to study the behavior of retaining piles with fixed head in
loose sandy soil by experimental work. It study the effect of changing in piles
diameters variation using steel bars for diameters (10, 16, 22 mm). The study is
extended to investigate the critical embedment length under dredge line 15, 20, 25,
30 cm ) and the relation between the embedded length and excavation depth. Also
the case of free head piles was taken into consideration in the experimental work.