الفهرس 
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Abstract
Many ideas studying the properties and behavior of electrolytes in solution rest on theories and experimental studies that have been developed first by grotthuss 1805. Who proposed the 1st mechanism for electrolytic conductance. He considered that the positive and negative poles of an electrolytic cell exhibit forces as a magnet which varies inversely with the square of the distance and acts in opposite direction on the two components of the conducting solution attracting one and reppelling the other.