الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aldicarb is highly toxic to humans and animals if it is swallowed, applied to the skin or inhaled. Clinical symptoms associated with poisoning include dizziness, drooling, excessive sweating, nausea, cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea, blurred vision, non-reactive contracted pupils, difficulty in breathing due to excessive secretions, coarse generalised body tremors, convulsions, breathing failure and death. There is an effective antidote treatment for the immediate poisoning effects of aldicarb if medical assistance is prompt .
A total of 30 male albino rats weighing 79 ± 5gm were housed in standard cages at room temperature on a 12 h light and 12 h dark cycle for 24 h.
The present work focused on investigating the effect of the different doses of Aldicarb (0.5mg /kg and lethal dose of 0.93 mg /kg of body weight) on total body water content including extracellular and intracellular and dielectric properties of brain, kidney, heart, liver and leg muscles.
Two main experimental groups were used in this study
1- Control group (10 rats) was fed by standard diet.
2- Treated group. (20rats). this group was divided into two subgroups:
- Subgroup (2a) fed on standard diet and injected orally with aldicarb (0.5mg/kg. body weight) 24 hour prior to measurements .
- Subgroup (2b) fed on standard diet and injected orally with the lethal dose of aldicarb (Ld50=0.93 mg/kg. body weight).
Experiments carried out as follows:-
1- Determination of aldicarb concentrations in blood of rats orally injected with (0.5mg aldicarb/kg body weight) and rats orally injected with (0.93 mg aldicarb/kg body weight) were carried out by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
2- The rats were placed in prone recumbency on a nonconductive surface after anesthetized. Body orientation and placement of the four stainless steel needles electrodes were standardized according to Hall et al. The weight and body length of the rats were measured, and whole body resistance recorded at low frequency (1 KHz) and high frequency (1 MHz). Percentage of total body water to body weight (WTBW %), extracellular water to total body water (WECW %) and intracellular water to total body water (WICW %) were calculated.
3- Immediately after rats dissection, samples of brain, heart, liver, kidney and leg muscles were removed and stored at (-4 oC) up to 24 hours. At the measurements time, slices of about 0.2 cm thick were carefully cut using special jig to ensure uniform known thickness, and parallel cut surfaces, samples were left to reach room temperature. In order to perform measurements on samples using LCR Bridge ( Figure 4.2),and an electric cell was designed for this propose.This cell consists of two parallel silver electrodes and impeded in a plexiglass. The samples were connected to the LCR meter by means of two circular silver electrodes with a radius of 0.5 cm each and distance between two electrodes was 0.2 cm.
Electrodes coated with a silver chloride (Ag-Ag electrodes). Silver-silver chloride provides a good contact transfer with minimum polarization.
Results:-
1- Results of the aldicarb concentrations in blood:-
a- The concentrations of aldicarb in blood of rats orally injected with (0.5mg aldicarb/kg body weight) = 0.1390±0.0168 mg/liter
b- The concentrations of aldicarb in blood of rats orally injected with (0.93 mg aldicarb/kg body weight) = 5.48±0.322 mg/liter.
2- Results of the body water content:-
A significant increase in total body water percentage from 58.68 to 64.10 of group orally injected with 0.5 mg/kg compared to control group .But a non-significant increase in total body water percentage from 59.17 to 60.38 of group orally injected with lethal dose compared to control group.
A significant increase in extracellular water percentage from 32.08 to 34.41 of group orally injected with 0.5 mg/kg compared to control group, but a significant decrease in extracellular water percentage from 32.05 to 28.37 of group orally injected with lethal dose compared to control group.
A significant decrease in intracellular water percentage from 67.92 to 65.59 of group orally injected with 0.5 mg/kg compared to control group ,but a significant increase in intracellular water percentage from 67.95 to 71.63 of group orally injected with lethal dose compared to control group.
3- Results of the dielectric properties:-
a- Increase in (ɛ’ , σ , ɛ” , σ” ) and decrease in (ρ) of brain ,heart and kidney samples in group orally injected with lethal dose compared to control group .
b- Decrease in (ɛ’ , σ , ɛ” , σ” ) and increase in (ρ) of brain ,heart and kidney samples in group orally injected with 0.5 mg/kg compared to control group.
c- Decrease in (ɛ’ , σ , ɛ” , σ” ) and increase in (ρ) of liver and leg muscles samples in group orally injected with lethal dose and in group orally injected with 0.5 mg/kg compared to control group.
Present work revealed that:-
a- Aldicarb causes acute toxicity and affects pathologically on on total body water content.
b- The dielectric properties show increase and decrease in permittivity and conductivity of internal organs such as brain, heart, liver, kidney and leg muscles.
c- All previous pathological effects of aldicarb depend largely on the dose of aldicarb injected, so measuring of body water content, dielectric properties of some internal organs can be used as a monitor of severity of aldicarb toxicity.