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Abstract Niosomes are non ionic surfactant vesicles having a bilayer structure formed by self assembly of hydrated surfactant monomer. The bilayer is multilamellar or unilamellar which enclose aqueous solution of solute and lipophilic component are in the bilayer itself. Niosomes are formed by hydration of non-ionic surfactant dried film resulting in encapsulating the hydrating solution. Major component of niosomes is non-ionic surfactant which give it an advantage of being more stable when compared with liposome thus overcoming the problems associated with liposome i.e. susceptibility to oxidation and high price. Niosomes can entrap hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs in aqueous layer and sub layer membrane respectively. The bilayer of niosomes have both inner and outer surface to be hydrophilic with sandwiched lipophilic area in between. Thus a large number of drug and other materials can be delivered using niosomes. Niosomes serve as drug depot in the body which release the drug in controlled manner providing sustained release of enclosed drug. The application of vesicular (lipid vesicles and non-ionic surfactant vesicles) systems in cosmetics and for therapeutic purpose may offer several advantages: - The vesicle suspension is water–based vehicle. This offers high patient compliance in comparison with oily dosage forms. They possess an structure consisting of hydrophilic, amphiphilic and lipophilic moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with a Niosomes are non ionic surfactant vesicles having a bilayer structure formed by self assembly of hydrated surfactant monomer. The bilayer is multilamellar or unilamellar which enclose aqueous solution of solute and lipophilic component are in the bilayer itself. Niosomes are formed by hydration of non-ionic surfactant dried film resulting in encapsulating the hydrating solution. Major component of niosomes is non-ionic surfactant which give it an advantage of being more stable when compared with liposome thus overcoming the problems associated with liposome i.e. susceptibility to oxidation and high price. Niosomes can entrap hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs in aqueous layer and sub layer membrane respectively. The bilayer of niosomes have both inner and outer surface to be hydrophilic with sandwiched lipophilic area in between. Thus a large number of drug and other materials can be delivered using niosomes. Niosomes serve as drug depot in the body which release the drug in controlled manner providing sustained release of enclosed drug. The application of vesicular (lipid vesicles and non-ionic surfactant vesicles) systems in cosmetics and for therapeutic purpose may offer several advantages: - The vesicle suspension is water–based vehicle. This offers high patient compliance in comparison with oily dosage forms. They possess an structure consisting of hydrophilic, amphiphilic and lipophilic moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with a. The characteristics of the vesicle formulation are variable and controllable. Altering vesicle composition, size, lamellarity, tapped volume, surface charge and concentration can control the vesicle characteristics. The vesicles may act as a depot, releasing the drug in a controlled manner. Niosomes are osomatically active and stable, as well as they increase the stability of entrapped drug. The surfactants are biodegradable, biocompatible and non-immunogenic. Handling and storage of surfactants requires no special conditions. They improve the therapeutic performance of the drug molecules by delayed clearance from the circulation, protecting the drug from biological environment and restricting effects to target cells. Aceclofenac is poorly water soluble belongs to NSAIDS. It works by blocking action of cyclo oxygenase -2 which involved in production of various chemical in the body, some of which are called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are produced in response to injury or certain disease and would otherwise go to cause pain, swelling and inflammation. So aceclofenac is used to relief pain and inflammation caused by the immune system of the body and are effective pain killer. Although aceclofenac has strong therapeutic effect, it is associated with several gastrointestinal side effect when taken orally for long period. It has several drawbacks such as narrow therapeutic index, short biological half-life (4-4.3 hours) in plasma, and has the potential to be delivered by transdermal route. The aim of this work is to formulate and optimize the aceclofenac niosomal gel to improve skin permeation of drug and reliefe pain and inflammation with decreasing the dosing frequency. |