الفهرس 
Abstract
MaterialsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Niosomes are non ionic surfactant vesicles having a bilayer
structure formed by self assembly of hydrated surfactant monomer. The
bilayer is multilamellar or unilamellar which enclose aqueous solution of
solute and lipophilic component are in the bilayer itself. Niosomes are
formed by hydration of non-ionic surfactant dried film resulting in
encapsulating the hydrating solution. Major component of niosomes is
non-ionic surfactant which give it an advantage of being more stable
when compared with liposome thus overcoming the problems associated
with liposome i.e. susceptibility to oxidation and high price. Niosomes
can entrap hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs in aqueous layer and sub layer
membrane respectively. The bilayer of niosomes have both inner and
outer surface to be hydrophilic with sandwiched lipophilic area in
between. Thus a large number of drug and other materials can be
delivered using niosomes. Niosomes serve as drug depot in the body
which release the drug in controlled manner providing sustained
release of enclosed drug.
The application of vesicular (lipid vesicles and non-ionic surfactant
vesicles) systems in cosmetics and for therapeutic purpose may offer
several advantages: -
The vesicle suspension is water–based vehicle. This offers high
patient compliance in comparison with oily dosage forms. They possess
an structure consisting of hydrophilic, amphiphilic and lipophilic
moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with a Niosomes are non ionic surfactant vesicles having a bilayer
structure formed by self assembly of hydrated surfactant monomer. The
bilayer is multilamellar or unilamellar which enclose aqueous solution of
solute and lipophilic component are in the bilayer itself. Niosomes are
formed by hydration of non-ionic surfactant dried film resulting in
encapsulating the hydrating solution. Major component of niosomes is
non-ionic surfactant which give it an advantage of being more stable
when compared with liposome thus overcoming the problems associated
with liposome i.e. susceptibility to oxidation and high price. Niosomes
can entrap hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs in aqueous layer and sub layer
membrane respectively. The bilayer of niosomes have both inner and
outer surface to be hydrophilic with sandwiched lipophilic area in
between. Thus a large number of drug and other materials can be
delivered using niosomes. Niosomes serve as drug depot in the body
which release the drug in controlled manner providing sustained
release of enclosed drug.
The application of vesicular (lipid vesicles and non-ionic surfactant
vesicles) systems in cosmetics and for therapeutic purpose may offer
several advantages: -
The vesicle suspension is water–based vehicle. This offers high
patient compliance in comparison with oily dosage forms. They possess
an structure consisting of hydrophilic, amphiphilic and lipophilic
moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with a.
The characteristics of the vesicle formulation are variable and
controllable. Altering vesicle composition, size, lamellarity, tapped
volume, surface charge and concentration can control the vesicle
characteristics. The vesicles may act as a depot, releasing the drug in a
controlled manner. Niosomes are osomatically active and stable, as well
as they increase the stability of entrapped drug. The surfactants are
biodegradable, biocompatible and non-immunogenic. Handling and
storage of surfactants requires no special conditions. They improve the
therapeutic performance of the drug molecules by delayed clearance
from the circulation, protecting the drug from biological environment and
restricting effects to target cells.
Aceclofenac is poorly water soluble belongs to NSAIDS. It works
by blocking action of cyclo oxygenase -2 which involved in production
of various chemical in the body, some of which are called
prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are produced in response to injury or
certain disease and would otherwise go to cause pain, swelling and
inflammation. So aceclofenac is used to relief pain and inflammation
caused by the immune system of the body and are effective pain killer.
Although aceclofenac has strong therapeutic effect, it is
associated with several gastrointestinal side effect when taken orally
for long period. It has several drawbacks such as narrow
therapeutic index, short biological half-life (4-4.3 hours) in plasma, and
has the potential to be delivered by transdermal route.
The aim of this work is to formulate and optimize the
aceclofenac niosomal gel to improve skin permeation of drug and
reliefe pain and inflammation with decreasing the dosing frequency.