الفهرس 
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Abstract
Existence of estrogenic substances in plants has been recognized for a considerable time. Bradbury and White listed over species of plants which had been shown to possess estrogenic activity and also by others. Estrogenic activity has been detected in plant sources and food supply, for example: pomegranate seeds vegetable oils fresh carrots, rice bran and cabbage Estrogens such as estradiol, and ethnic lestradiol, a synth etic estrogen widely used in oral contraceptive pills, belong to the group of compounds known as steroids. This steroidal structure is not exclusive to substances having estrogenic activity. An estrogen can be defined as a compound that acts on the central nervous system and induces estrous (mating) behavior in female mammals. Estrogens also stimulate the growth of the reproductive tract and breast in mammals In female mammals and in human female, estradiol, the primary estrogen, is secreted by the ovary and passes via the blood stream to specific target tissues identified by the presence of estrogen receptor proteins, Allen and Doisy established a vaginal smear test in mice for estrogens based on the cornification of the vaginal epithelium that occurs in mice in .response